[Machine] They made preference of the cousin over the brother, and Umar disliked talking about it. But when Umar became old, he said, "This is a matter that has happened. People must know about it." So he sent a message to Zaid ibn Thabit and asked him. Zaid said, "It was the opinion of Abu Bakr that we should give preference to the cousin over the brother." Umar said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, do not make a tree that has grown and branched out from it a branch, and then another branch branches out from that branch. Which branch should be given preference, the first branch or the second branch, when the branch has already come out of the original branch?" Umar then sent a message to Ali and asked him. Ali said to him, "Just as Zaid said, except that he made an overflowing river and from it a branch grew, and then two branches grew from it. He asked, 'What if this middle branch returns, wouldn't it go back to both branches?' Umar stood up and addressed the people, saying, 'Is there anyone among you who heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioning the preference in a matter?' A man stood up and said, 'I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mention a matter in which preference was mentioned, and he gave him one-third.' Umar asked, 'Who was with him among the heirs?' The man said, 'I don't know.' Umar said, 'You didn't know.' Then he addressed the people again, saying, 'Has anyone among you heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mention the preference in a matter?' A man stood up and said, 'I heard the Prophet ﷺ mention a matter in which preference was mentioned, and he gave him one-sixth.' Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked, 'Who was with him among the heirs?' The man said, 'I don't know.' Umar said, 'You didn't know.' Al-Sha'bi said, 'Zaid ibn Thabit made him a brother until he reached the age of three, he is their third. When they exceed that, he gives them one-third. And Ali ibn Abi Talib made him a brother until he reaches the age of six, he is their sixth. When they exceed that, he gives them one-sixth.'  

يَجْعَلَا الْجَدَّ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْأَخِ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَكْرَهُ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ فَلَمَّا صَارَ عُمَرُ جَدًّا قَالَ هَذَا أَمْرٌ قَدْ وَقَعَ لَا بُدَّ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ مَعْرِفَتِهِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ كَانَ مِنْ رَأْيِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ نَجْعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْأَخِ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا تَجْعَلْ شَجَرَةً نَبَتَتْ فَانْشَعَبَ مِنْهَا غُصْنٌ فَانْشَعَبَ فِي الْغُصْنِ غُصْنٌ فَمَا يُجْعَلُ الْغُصْنُ الْأَوَّلُ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْغُصْنِ الثَّانِي وَقَدْ خَرَجَ الْغُصْنُ مِنَ الْغُصْنِ؟ قَالَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ زَيْدٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ سَيْلًا سَالَ فَانْشَعَبَتْ مِنْهُ شُعْبَةٌ ثُمَّ انْشَعَبَتْ مِنْهُ شُعْبَتَانِ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الشُّعْبَةَ الْوُسْطَى رَجَعَ أَلَيْسَ إِلَى الشُّعْبَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا؟ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ هَلْ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ الْجَدَّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذُكِرَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ الْجَدِّ فَأَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ لَا دَرَيْتَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ هَلْ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ الْجَدَّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ذُكِرَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ الْجَدِّ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ السُّدُسَ قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ لَا دَرَيْتَ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَكَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَجْعَلُهُ أَخًا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ ثَلَاثَةً هُوَ ثَالِثُهُمْ فَإِذَا زَادُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَجْعَلُهُ أَخًا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ سِتَّةً هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ فَإِذَا زَادُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ