49. Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt

٤٩۔ سُورَةُ الحُجُرات

Qurʾān > Chapter 49 > Section 2
القرآن > كتاب ٤٩ > باب ٢

49.2 Islamic etiquette of moral behavior. Mankind is created from a single male and a female and noblest is he who is the most righteous.

٤٩۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ الحُجُرات

quran:49:11 –

O you who have believed, let not a people ridicule ˹another˺ people; perhaps they may be better than them; nor let women ridicule ˹other˺ women; perhaps they may be better than them. And do not insult one another and do not call each other by ˹offensive˺ nicknames. Wretched is the name of disobedience after ˹one's˺ faith. And whoever does not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers.  

O you who believe, do not let any people, that is, any men among you, deride (yā ayyuhā’lladhīna āmanū lā yaskhar … ˹to the end of˺ the verse, was revealed regarding the ˹Banū˺ Tamīm delegation when they derided the poor among the Muslims, like ‘Ammār ˹b. Yāsir˺ and Suhayb ˹al-Rūmī˺; al-sukhriya means ‘scorn’ and ‘disdain’) another people: who may be better than they are, in God’s sight; nor let any women, from among you, deride ˹other˺ women who may be better than they are. And do not defame one another, do not cast aspersions ˹on others˺ and hence have aspersions cast on you, that is, let none among you denigrate another; nor insult one another by nicknames, do not call another by a nickname which he detests, such as ‘O degenerate one!’ or ‘O disbeliever!’. Evil is the name, mentioned out of mockery, derision and mutual reviling, of immorality after faith! (al-fusūqu ba‘da’l-īmāni substitutes for al-ismu, ‘the name’, to indicate that it ˹such naming of others˺ is ‘immorality’ as it is ˹an action which is˺ usually repeated). And whoever does not repent, of such ˹immorality˺, those — they are the evildoers.
القرآن:٤٩:١١ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءٍ عَسَىٰ أَنْ يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهُنَّ ۖ وَلَا تَلْمِزُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ ۖ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ ۚ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَتُبْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا يسخر} الآية، نزلت في وفد تميم حين سخروا من فقراء المسلمين كعمار وصهيب، والسخرية: الازدراء والاحتقار {قوم} أي رجال منكم {من قوم عسى أن يكونوا خيرا منهم} عند الله {ولا نساء} منكم {من نساءٍ عسى أن يكنَّ خيرا منهن ولا تلمزوا أنفسكم} لا تعيبوا فتعابوا، أي لا يعب بعضكم بعضا {ولا تنابزوا بالألقاب} لا يدعون بعضكم بعضا بلقب يكرهه، ومنه يا فاسق يا كافر {بئس الاسم} أي المذكور من السخرية واللمز والتنابز {الفسوق بعد الإيمان} بدل من الاسم أنه فسق لتكرره عادة {ومن لم يتب} من ذلك {فأولئك هم الظالمون}.
quran:49:12 –

O you who have believed, avoid much ˹negative˺ assumption. Indeed, some assumption is sin. And do not spy or backbite each other. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would detest it. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is Accepting of repentance and Merciful.  

O you who believe, shun much suspicion. Indeed some suspicions are sins, that is to say, it causes one to fall into sin. This ˹suspicion˺ may have many forms, such as thinking ill of the good folk from among the believers — and such ˹good folk˺ are many — in contrast to the immoral individuals among them in whose case there is no sin, so long as it ˹the suspicion˺ is in accordance with their outward behaviour. And do not spy (tajassasū: one of the two tā’ letters ˹of tatajassasū˺ has been omitted): do not pursue the imperfections and faults of Muslims by searching them out; nor backbite one another, do not speak of him by ˹mentioning˺ something which he is averse to ˹having mentioned of himself˺, even if it be true. Would any of you love to eat the flesh of his brother dead? (read maytan or mayyitan). That is to say, it would not be right for him ˹to do so˺. You would abhor it. Thus to backbite him in life would be like eating his flesh when he is dead. This latter ˹form of behaviour˺ has been suggested to you and you were averse to it, so be averse to the former too. And fear God, that is, His punishment for backbiting, by repenting of it; assuredly God is Relenting, accepting of the penitence of those who repent, Merciful, to them.
القرآن:٤٩:١٢ –

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ ۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا وَلَا يَغْتَبْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا ۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا اجتنبوا كثيرا من الظن إن بعض الظن إثم} أي مؤثم وهو كثير كظن السوء بأهل الخير من المؤمنين، وهم كثير بخلافه بالفساق منهم فلا إثم فيه في نحو يظهر منهم {ولا تجسسوا} حذف منه إحدى التاءين لا تتبعوا عورات المسلمين ومعايبهم بالبحث عنها {ولا يغتب بعضكم بعضا} لا يذكره بشيء يكرهه وإن كان فيه {أيجب أحدكم أن يأكل لحم أخيه ميتا} بالتخفيف والتشديد، أي لا يحسن به {فكرهتموه} أي فاغتيابه في حياته كأكل لحمه بعد مماته وقد عرض عليكم الثاني فكرهتموه فاكرهوا الأول {واتقوا الله} أي عقابه في الاغتياب بأن تتوبوا منه {إن الله توَّاب} قابل توبة التائبين {رحيم} بهم.
quran:49:13 –

O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.  

O mankind! We have indeed created you from a male and a female, ˹from˺ Adam and Eve, and made you nations (shu‘ūb is the plural of sha‘b, which is the broadest category of lineage) and tribes (qabā’il, which are smaller than nations, and are followed by ‘amā’ir, ‘tribal districts’, then butūn, ‘tribal sub-districts’, then afkhādh, ‘sub-tribes’, and finally fasā’il, ‘clans’; for example Khuzayma is the sha‘b, while Kināna is the qabīla, Quraysh is the ‘imāra, Qusayy is the batn, Hāshim is the fakhdh, and ‘Abbās is the fasīla) that you may come to know one another (ta‘ārafū: one of the two tā’ letters ˹of tata‘ārafū˺ has been omitted), that you may acquire knowledge of ˹the customs of˺ one another and not to boast to one another of ˹whose is the more˺ noble lineage, for pride lies only in ˹the extent to which you have˺ fear of God. Truly the noblest of you in the sight of God is the most God-fearing among you. Truly God is Knower, of you, Aware, of your inner thoughts.
القرآن:٤٩:١٣ –

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ  

{يا أيها الناس إنا خلقناكم من ذكر وأنثى} آدم وحواء {وجعلناكم شعوبا} جمع شعب بفتح الشين هو أعلى طبقات النسب {وقبائل} هي دون الشعوب وبعدها العمائر ثم البطون ثم الأفخاذ ثم الفصائل آخرها، مثاله خزيمة: شعب، كنانة: قبيلة، قريش: عمارة بكسر العين، قُصي: بطن، هاشم: فخذ، العباس: فصيلة {لتعارفوا} حذف منه إحدى التاءين ليعرف بعضكم بعضا لا لتفاخروا بعلو النسب وإنما الفخر بالتقوى {إن أكرمكم عند الله أتقاكم إن الله عليم} بكم {خبير} ببواطنكم.