33. Will and Testiment
٣٣۔ كِتَابُ الْوَصَايَا
My father had died in debt. So I came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "My father (died) leaving unpaid debts, and I have nothing except the yield of his date palms; and their yield for many years will not cover his debts. So please come with me, so that the creditors may not misbehave with me." The Prophet ﷺ went round one of the heaps of dates and invoked (Allah), and then did the same with another heap and sat on it and said, "Measure (for them)." He paid them their rights and what remained was as much as had been paid to them. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3580)
أَنَّ أَبَاهُ تُوُفِّيَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبِي تُوُفِّيَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ إِلَّا مَا تُخْرِجُ نَخْلُهُ وَلَا يَبْلُغُ مَا يُخْرِجُ نَخْلُهُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ دُونَ سَنَتَيْنِ فَانْطَلِقْ مَعِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؛ لِكَيْلَا يَفْحَشَ عَلَيَّ الْغُرَمَاءُ فَأَتَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْدَرًا مِنْ بَيَادِرَ فَمَشَى حَوْلَهُ وَدَعَا ثُمَّ جَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ وَدَعَا الْغُرَمَاءَ فَوَفَّاهُمُ وَبَقِيَ مِثْلُ مَا أَخَذُوا
"Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Haram died, leaving behind debts. I asked the Messenger of Allah to intercede with his creditors so that they would waive part of the debt. He asked them to do that but they refused. The Prophet said to me: 'Go and sort your dates into their different kinds: The 'Ajwah on one side, the cluster of Ibn Zaid on another side, and so on. Then send for me.' I did that, then the Messenger of Allah came and sat at the head or in the middle of the heaps. Then he said: 'Measure them out for the people.' So I measured them out for them until I had paid them all off, and my dates were left as if nothing had been taken from them." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3638)
وَتَرَكَ دَيْنًا فَاسْتَشْفَعْتُ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى غُرَمَائِهِ أَنْ يَضَعُوا مِنْ دَيْنِهِ شَيْئًا فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا فَقَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «اذْهَبْ فَصَنِّفْ تَمْرَكَ أَصْنَافًا الْعَجْوَةَ عَلَى حِدَةٍ وَعِذْقَ زَيْدٍ عَلَى حِدَةٍ وَأَصْنَافَهُ ثُمَّ ابْعَثْ إِلَيَّ» قَالَ فَفَعَلْتُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَلَسَ فِي الْعُلَا أَوْ فِي أَوْسَطِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «كِلْ لِلْقَوْمِ» قَالَ فَكِلْتُ لَهُمْ حَتَّى أَوْفَيْتَهُمْ وَبَقِيَ تَمْرِي كَأَنْ لَمْ يَنْقُصْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ
"My father owed some dates to a Jew. He was killed on the Day of Uhud and he left behind two gardens. The dates owed to the Jew would take up everything in the two gardens. The Prophet said: 'Can you take half this year and half next year?' But the Jew refused. The Prophet said: 'When the time to pick the dates comes, call me.' So I called him and he came, accompanied by Abu Bakr. The dates were picked and weighed from the lowest part of the palm trees, and the Messenger of Allah was praying for blessing, until we paid off everything that we owed him from the smaller of the two gardens, as calculated by 'Ammar. Then I brought them some fresh dates and water and they ate and drank, then he said: 'This is part of the blessing concerning which you will be questioned.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3639)
كَانَ لِيَهُودِيٍّ عَلَى أَبِي تَمْرٌ فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَتَرَكَ حَدِيقَتَيْنِ وَتَمْرُ الْيَهُودِيِّ يَسْتَوْعِبُ مَا فِي الْحَدِيقَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ الْعَامَ بَعْضَهُ وَتُؤَخِّرَ بَعْضَهُ؟» فَأَبَى الْيَهُودِيُّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا جَابِرُ إِذَا حَضَرَ الْجُدَادَ فَآذَنِّي فَآذَنْتُهُ فَجَاءَ هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَعَلَ يُجَدُّ وَيُكَالُ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ النَّخْلِ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْعُو بِالْبَرَكَةِ حَتَّى وَفَيْنَا جَمِيعَ حَقِّهِ مِنْ أَصْغَرِ الْحَدِيقَتَيْنِ فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ عَمَّارٌ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُمْ بِرُطَبٍ وَمَاءٍ فَأَكَلُوا وَشَرِبُوا ثُمَّ قَالَ «هَذَا مِنَ النَّعِيمِ الَّذِي تُسْأَلُونَ عَنْهُ»
"My father died owing debts. I offered to his creditors that they could take the fruits in lieu of what he owed them, but they refused as they thought that it would not cover the debt. I went to the Messenger of Allah and told him about that, he said: 'When you pick the dates and have put them in the Mirbad (place for drying dates), call me.' When I had picked the dates and put them in the Mirbad, I went to the Messenger of Allah and he came, accompanied by Abu Bakr and 'Umar. He sat on (the dates) and prayed for blessing. Then he said: 'Call your creditors and pay them off.' I did not leave anyone to whom my father owed anything but I paid him off, and I had thirteen Wasqs left over. I mentioned that to him and he smiled and said: 'Go to Abu Bakr and 'Umar and tell them about that.' So I went to Abu Bakr and 'Umar and told them about that, and they said: 'We knew, when the Messenger of Allah did what he did, that this would happen.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3640)
أَنَّ فِيهِ وَفَاءً فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ قَالَ «إِذَا جَدَدْتَهُ فَوَضَعْتَهُ فِي الْمِرْبَدِ فَآذِنِّي» فَلَمَّا جَدَدْتَهُ فَوَضَعْتُهُ فِي الْمِرْبَدِ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ وَدَعَا بِالْبَرَكَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «ادْعُ غُرَمَاءَكَ فَأَوْفِهِمْ» قَالَ فَمَا تَرَكْتُ أَحَدًا لَهُ عَلَى أَبِي دِينٌ إِلَّا قَضَيْتُهُ وَفَضَلَ لِي ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَضَحِكَ وَقَالَ ائْتِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمَا ذَلِكَ فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمَا فَقَالَا قَدْ عَلِمْنَا إِذْ صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا صَنَعَ أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ