A sermon of the Prophet ﷺ with several commandments from Allah and types of people of Jannah and Jahannam

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said one day in his sermon: “Indeed, my Lord has commanded me to teach you what you did not know of what He has taught me today: (1) Every property I have bestowed upon a servant is lawful;"

"(2) I have created all My servants as upright monotheists; then the devils came to them and turned them away from their religion, and forbade them what I had made lawful for them, and commanded them to associate with Me that for which I have sent down no authority; and Allah looked upon the people of the earth and detested them, Arab and non-Arab alike, except for remnants from the People of the Book.” 

And he said: “(3) I have only sent you to test you and to test others through you, and I have revealed to you a Book that water cannot wash away; you recite it while asleep and while awake.”

“(4) And Allah commanded me to burn Quraysh, so I said: ‘My Lord, then they will smash my head and leave it like a loaf of bread.’ He said: ‘Drive them out as they drove you out; raid them and We shall aid you; spend, and We shall spend upon you; send forth an army and We shall send five like it; and fight, with those who obey you, those who disobey you.’”

And he said: “(5) The people of Paradise are three: (i) one who possesses authority and is just, gives charity, and is granted success; (ī) a man who is merciful, tender-hearted toward every relative and every Muslim; (īi) one who is chaste and self-restraining himself, while having dependents.”

And he said: “(6) And the people of the Fire are five: (i) the weak-minded one who has no self-restraint, those among you who are merely ˹trend˺ followers, who do not pursue family nor wealth; (ī) the treacherous one whose greed is not concealed no matter how slight, he betrays because of it; (īi) a man who neither begins his day nor ends it except that he deceives you regarding your family and your wealth,” and he mentioned  *"(iv)miserliness" or "lying"; “(v) the coarse, obscene person.”

Abu Ghassan did not mention in his narration: “(7) Spend, and We shall spend upon you.”

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: «أَلَا إِنَّ رَبِّي أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ مَا جَهِلْتُمْ مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي يَوْمِي هَذَا: (١) كُلُّ مَالٍ نَحَلْتُهُ عَبْدًا حَلَالٌ»،

«(٢) وَإِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ كُلَّهُمْ، (٣) وَإِنَّهُمْ أَتَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ، وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوا بِي مَا لَمْ أُنْزِلْ بِهِ سُلْطَانًا، (٤) وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ فَمَقَتَهُمْ عَرَبَهُمْ وَعَجَمَهُمْ، إِلَّا بَقَايَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ».

وَقَالَ: «(٣) إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُكَ لِأَبْتَلِيَكَ وَأَبْتَلِيَ بِكَ، وَأَنْزَلْتُ عَلَيْكَ كِتَابًا لَا يَغْسِلُهُ الْمَاءُ، تَقْرَؤُهُ نَائِمًا وَيَقْظَانَ». 

«(٤) وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُحَرِّقَ قُرَيْشًا، فَقُلْتُ: رَبِّ، إِذًا يَثْلَغُوا رَأْسِي فَيَدَعُوهُ خُبْزَةً. قَالَ: اسْتَخْرِجْهُمْ كَمَا اسْتَخْرَجُوكَ، وَاغْزُهُمْ نُغْزِكَ، وَأَنْفِقْ فَسَنُنْفِقَ عَلَيْكَ، وَابْعَثْ جَيْشًا نَبْعَثْ خَمْسَةً مِثْلَهُ، وَقَاتِلْ بِمَنْ أَطَاعَكَ مَنْ عَصَاكَ».

وَقَالَ: «(٥) وَأَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: (أ) ذُو سُلْطَانٍ مُقْسِطٌ، مُتَصَدِّقٌ، مُوَفَّقٌ، (ب) وَرَجُلٌ رَحِيمٌ رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ لِكُلِّ ذِي قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٍ، (ج) وَعَفِيفٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ ذُو عِيَالٍ».

وَقَالَ: «(٦) وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةٌ: (أ) الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي لَا زَبْرَ لَهُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعًا لَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا، (ب) وَالْخَائِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعٌ وَإِنْ دَقَّ إِلَّا خَانَهُ، (ج) وَرَجُلٌ لَا يُصْبِحُ وَلَا يُمْسِي إِلَّا وَهُوَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ»، وَذَكَرَ «(د) الْبُخْلَ» أَوِ «الْكَذِبَ»، «(ه) وَالشِّنْظِيرُ الْفَحَّاشُ». 

وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبُو غَسَّانَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «(٧) وَأَنْفِقْ فَسَنُنْفِقَ عَلَيْكَ».

from Qatādah with this chain of transmission, and in his narration he did not mention: “Every property given to a servant be lawful.”

عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: «كُلُّ مَالٍ نَحَلْتُهُ عَبْدًا حَلاَلٌ».

This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of 'Iyad b. Himar that Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave an address one day. The rest of the hadith is the same.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ يَحْيَى قَالَ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مُطَرِّفًا فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ

" Allah revealed to me that we should be humble amongst ourselves and none should show pride upon the others, And it does not behove one to do so, and He also said: There are among you people to follow not caring a bit for their family and property. Qatada said: Abu Abdullah, would this happen? Thereupon he said: Yes. By Allah, I found this in the days of ignorance that a person grazed the goat of a tribe and did not find anyone but their slave-girl (and he did not spare her) but committed adultery with her.

قَامَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَزَادَ فِيهِ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَوْحَى إِلَىَّ أَنْ تَوَاضَعُوا حَتَّى لاَ يَفْخَرَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ وَلاَ يَبْغِي أَحَدٌ عَلَى أَحَدٍ وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ وَهُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعًا لاَ يَبْغُونَ أَهْلاً وَلاَ مَالاً فَقُلْتُ فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتُهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَرْعَى عَلَى الْحَىِّ مَا بِهِ إِلاَّ وَلِيدَتُهُمْ يَطَؤُهَا