17. Book of Freeing Slaves
١٧۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ
ذِكْرُ الْحُكْمِ فِيمَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ بَيْنَ شُرَكَاءَ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُمْ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "Whichever slave has partners, and one of them emancipates their share, it will be adjusted in the wealth of the one who emancipated. Its value will be assessed fairly, and if his wealth reaches that, then he will be emancipated."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ شُرَكَاءَ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمْ نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ فِي مَالِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُعْتَقُ إِنْ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَالُهُ» *
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمُعْتِقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ مَمْلُوكِهِ، إِذَا كَانَ مُعْدِمًا كَانَ نَصِيبُهُ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ جَائِزًا عِتْقُهُ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees his share of a common slave and he has sufficient money to free him completely, should let its price be estimated by a just man and give his partners the price of their shares and manumit the slave; otherwise (i.e. if he has not sufficient money) he manumits the slave partially." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2522)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ الْعَدْلِ وَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَأَعْتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الشَّرِيكِ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ، وَالْمُعْتِقٌ مُعْدِمٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ، وَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allahﷺ said, "Whoever frees a slave, and he (the slave) has a partner and fulfills his (the partner's) obligations, then he (the slave) is considered free, and he guarantees the share of his partners with a fair and just value for what he shared in the ownership, and the slave has no liability." "Abu Mu'ayd, his name is Hafs bin Ghailan al-Ru'ayni, is a trustworthy person from the people of Sham and their scholars."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ فِيهِ شَرِيكٌ وَلَهُ وَفَاءٌ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ وَيَضْمَنُ نَصِيبَ شُرَكَائِهِ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ لِمَا أَسَاءَ مُشَارَكَتَهُمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ» «أَبُو مُعَيْدٍ هَذَا اسْمُهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ الرُّعَيْنِيُّ مِنْ ثِقَاتِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَفُقَهَائِهِمْ»
ذِكْرُ إِبَاحَةِ اسْتِسْعَاءِ الْعَبْدِ فِي نَصِيبِ الْمُعْتِقِ لِفَكِّ رَقَبَتِهِ
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Whichever slave has two partners and he frees one of them, his share will be granted to him. If he is capable, he should fulfill the right of the other partner, and if he is unable, then the slave should be sold, and his share should not be cut.'"
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَيُّمَا عَبْدٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِرًا اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِنَّمَا يُسْتَسْعَى فِي نَصِيبِهِ الْمُعْتَقِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ ثَمَنُهُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ لَا وَكْسَ فِيهِ، وَلَا شَطَطَ
“Whoever frees his share of a slave or part of his share, must pay from his wealth if he has any wealth if he has any wealth (in order to buy the rest of the slave's freedom). If he does not have wealth, then the slave should be asked to work for the price (of his freedom), without that causing him too much hardship.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2527)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ خَلَاصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ الْعَبْدُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُسْتَسْعَى فِي نَصِيبِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»