59.4 Characteristic of the sun and the moon
٥٩۔٤ باب صِفَةِ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ
[Machine] {Biḥusbānٍ} Mujāhid said: Like the rotation of a millstone, and others said: in a calculated manner and determined stages that neither surpasses. Ḥusbān is the plural of ḥisāb, like shihāb and shuhbān. {Ḍuḥāhā} means its light. {An tudrika al-qamar} implies that neither of their light covers the other's, and it is not appropriate for them to do so. {Sābiq al-nahār} suggests they pursue each other quickly. Naslakh means we extract one from the other, and we let each of them run its course. Wāhiyah refers to its splitting apart, Arjā’ihā are its edges that have not split, they are on its borders, like the edges of a well. {Aghṭasha} and {Janna} both mean to become dark. Al-Ḥasan said: {Kuwirat} implies it is folded away until its light disappears. {Wa al-layli wa mā wasaqqa} refers to what the night gathers in terms of creatures. {Ittasaqqa} means it became even. {Burūjan} are the positions of the sun and the moon. Al-Ḥarūr is during the day with the sun. Ibn Abbas said: Al-Ḥarūr at night and al-samūm during the day; it is said yūliju yukawwiru. {Walījatan} refers to everything that you insert into something else.
{بِحُسْبَانٍ} قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: كَحُسْبَانِ الرَّحَى، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: بِحِسَابٍ وَمَنَازِلَ لاَ يَعْدُوَانِهَا. حُسْبَانٌ جَمَاعَةُ حِسَابٍ مِثْلُ شِهَابٍ وَشُهْبَانٍ. {ضُحَاهَا} ضَوْؤُهَا. {أَنْ تُدْرِكَ الْقَمَرَ} لاَ يَسْتُرُ ضَوْءُ أَحَدِهِمَا ضَوْءَ الآخَرِ، وَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُمَا ذَلِكَ. {سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ} يَتَطَالَبَانِ حَثِيثَانِ. نَسْلَخُ نُخْرِجُ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ، وَنُجْرِي كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا، وَاهِيَةٌ وَهْيُهَا تَشَقُّقُهَا. أَرْجَائِهَا مَا لَمْ يَنْشَقَّ مِنْهَا فَهْيَ عَلَى حَافَتَيْهِ، كَقَوْلِكَ عَلَى أَرْجَاءِ الْبِئْرِ {أَغْطَشَ} وَ{جَنَّ} أَظْلَمَ وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: {كُوِّرَتْ} تُكَوَّرُ حَتَّى يَذْهَبَ ضَوْؤُهَا، {وَاللَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ} جَمَعَ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ {اتَّسَقَ} اسْتَوَى. {بُرُوجًا} مَنَازِلَ الشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ. الْحَرُورُ بِالنَّهَارِ مَعَ الشَّمْسِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَرُؤْبَةُ الْحَرُورُ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَالسَّمُومُ بِالنَّهَارِ يُقَالُ يُولِجُ يُكَوِّرُ. {وَلِيجَةً} كُلُّ شَيْءٍ أَدْخَلْتُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ.