50. Makaatib

٥٠۔ كتاب المكاتب

50.1 The sin of one who falsely accuses his slave of illegal sexual intercourse

٥٠۔١ باب إِثْمِ مَنْ قَذَفَ مَمْلُوكَهُ الْمُكَاتَبِ

[Machine] "The desks and their stars, every year is a star and his saying: 'And those who seek the Scripture from what your right hands possess, write it for them if you know there is good in them and give them from the wealth of Allah which He has given you.' And Ruwa narrated from Ibn Jurayj, I said to Ata'ah, 'Is it obligatory upon me, if I know that he has wealth, to write for him?' He said, 'I do not see it except as obligatory.' And Amr ibn Dinar said, I said to Ata'ah, 'Did he narrate it from anyone?' He said, 'No, but then he informed me that Musa ibn Anas told him that Sireen asked Anas about writing and he was wealthy but he refused. Then he went to Umar and he said, 'Write for him.' He refused so Umar struck him with a door and recited, 'So write for them if you know there is good in them' so he wrote for him."

الْمُكَاتَبِ وَنُجُومِهِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ نَجْمٌ وَقَوْلِهِ: {وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ}. وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ أَوَاجِبٌ عَلَيَّ إِذَا عَلِمْتُ لَهُ مَالاً أَنْ أُكَاتِبَهُ قَالَ مَا أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ وَاجِبًا. وَقَالَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ قُلْتُ لِعَطَاءٍ أَتَأْثُرُهُ عَنْ أَحَدٍ قَالَ لاَ، ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ مُوسَى بْنَ أَنَسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ سِيرِينَ سَأَلَ أَنَسًا الْمُكَاتَبَةَ وَكَانَ كَثِيرَ الْمَالِ فَأَبَى، فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ كَاتِبْهُ. فَأَبَى فَضَرَبَهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ وَيَتْلُو عُمَرُ: {فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا} فَكَاتَبَهُ.

bukhari:2560al-Layth > Yūnus > Ibn Shihāb > ʿUrwah > ʿĀʾishah

Narrated 'Aishah (ra) that Barira came to seek her help writing of emancipation and she had to pay five Uqiya (of gold) by five yearly installments. 'Aishah said to her, "Do you think that if I pay the whole sum at once, your masters will sell you to me, and I will free you and your Wala' will be for me." Barira went to her masters and told them about that offer. They said that they would not agree to it unless her Wala' would be for them. 'Aishah further said, "I went to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him about it." Allah Messenger ﷺ said to her, "Buy Barira and manumit her and the Wala' will be for the liberator." Messenger of Allah ﷺ then got up and said, "What about those people who stipulate conditions that are not present in Allah's Laws? If anybody stipulates a condition which is not in Allah's Laws, then what he stipulates is invalid. Allah's Condition (Laws) are the truth and are more solid."  

البخاري:٢٥٦٠وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ قَالَتْ

عَائِشَةُ ؓ إِنَّ بَرِيرَةَ دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا وَعَلَيْهَا خَمْسَةُ أَوَاقٍ نُجِّمَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي خَمْسِ سِنِينَ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ وَنَفِسَتْ فِيهَا أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ عَدَدْتُ لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً أَيَبِيعُكِ أَهْلُكِ فَأُعْتِقَكِ فَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَعَرَضَتْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالُوا لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا الْوَلاَءُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اشْتَرِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهْوَ بَاطِلٌ شَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ  

bukhari:2561Qutaybah > al-Layth > Ibn Shihāb > ʿUrwah > ʿĀʾishah

That ʿAisha told him that Barirah came to seek her help in her writing of emancipation (for a certain sum) and that time she had not paid anything of it. ʿAisha said to her, "Go back to your masters, and if they agree that I will pay the amount of your writing of emancipation and get your Wala', I will do so." Barirah informed her masters of that but they refused and said, "If she (i.e. ʿAisha) is seeking Allah's reward, then she can do so, but your Wala' will be for us." ʿAisha mentioned that to Allah's Apostle who said to her, "Buy and manumit (free) her, as the Wala' is for the liberator." Messenger of Allah ﷺ then got up and said, "What about the people who stipulate conditions which are not present in Allah's Laws? Whoever imposes conditions which are not present in Allah's Laws, then those conditions will be invalid, even if he imposed these conditions a hundred times. Allah's conditions (Laws) are the truth and are more solid."  

البخاري:٢٥٦١حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَخْبَرَتْهُ

أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا قَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لَنَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْتَاعِي فَأَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَإِنْ شَرَطَ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ شَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ  

bukhari:2562ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf > Mālik > Nāfiʿ > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar > Arādat ʿĀʾishah > Tashtarī a neighboriyah Lituʿtiqahā > Ahluhā > And Lāʾahā Lanā

Aisha wanted to buy a slave-girl in order to manumit her. The girl's masters stipulated that her Wala' would be for them. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said (to ʿAisha), "What they stipulate should not stop you, for the Wala' is for the liberator."  

البخاري:٢٥٦٢حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ أَرَادَتْ عَائِشَةُ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً لِتُعْتِقَهَا فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلاَءَهَا لَنَا

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَمْنَعُكِ ذَلِكِ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

bukhari:2563ʿUbayd b. Ismāʿīl > Abū Usāmah > Hishām from his father > ʿĀʾishah > Jāʾat Barīrah

Barirah came (to ʿAisha) and said, "I have made a contract of emancipation with my masters for nine Uqiyas (of gold) to be paid in yearly installments. Therefore, I seek your help." ʿAisha said, "If your masters agree, I will pay them the sum at once and free you on condition that your Wala' will be for me." Barirah went to her masters but they refused that offer. She (came back) and said, "I presented to them the offer but they refused, unless the Wala' was for them." Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard of that and asked me about it, and I told him about it. On that he said, "Buy and manumit her and stipulate that the Wala' should be for you, as Wala' is for the liberator." ʿAisha added, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ then got up amongst the people, Glorified and Praised Allah, and said, 'Then after: What about some people who impose conditions which are not present in Allah's Laws? So, any condition which is not present in Allah's Laws is invalid even if they were one-hundred conditions. Allah's ordinance is the truth, and Allah's condition is stronger and more solid. Why do some men from you say, O so-and-so! manumit the slave but the Wala will be for me? Verily, the Wala is for the liberator."  

البخاري:٢٥٦٣حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ جَاءَتْ بَرِيرَةُ فَقَالَتْ

إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ وَقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ وَيَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لِي فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ عَرَضْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلاَءُ لَهُمْ فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ خُذِيهَا فَأَعْتِقِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلاَءَ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي النَّاسِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَأَيُّمَا شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهْوَ بَاطِلٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ فَقَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ مِنْكُمْ يَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمْ أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلاَنُ وَلِيَ الْوَلاَءُ إِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

50.4 The selling of a Mukatab on his agreement

٥٠۔٤ باب بَيْعِ الْمُكَاتَبِ إِذَا رَضِيَ

[Machine] And Aisha said, "He is a servant, who has nothing left." And Zaid bin Thabit said, "He has a dirham left." And Ibn Umar said, "He is a servant, whether he lives or dies or earns, he will have nothing left."

وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ هُوَ عَبْدٌ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ. وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ دِرْهَمٌ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ هُوَ عَبْدٌ إِنْ عَاشَ وَإِنْ مَاتَ وَإِنْ جَنَى، مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.

bukhari:2564ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf > Mālik > Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd > ʿAmrah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥman > Barīrah Jāʾat Tastaʿīn ʿĀʾishah > Lahā In Aḥab Ahluk

Barirah went to Aisha, the mother of the faithful believers to seek her help in her emancipation Aisha said to her, "If your masters agree, I will pay them your price in a lump sum and manumit (free) you." Barirah mentioned that offer to her masters but they refused to sell her unless the Wala' was for them. ʿAisha told Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it. He said, "Buy and manumit her as the Wala' is for the liberator."  

البخاري:٢٥٦٤حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ

أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ تَسْتَعِينُ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؓ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَصُبَّ لَهُمْ ثَمَنَكِ صَبَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَأُعْتِقَكِ فَعَلْتُ فَذَكَرَتْ بَرِيرَةُ ذَلِكَ لأَهْلِهَا فَقَالُوا لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ وَلاَؤُكِ لَنَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ قَالَ يَحْيَى فَزَعَمَتْ عَمْرَةُ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

bukhari:2565Abū Nuʿaym > ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Ayman > Abū Ayman > Dakhalt

I went to ʿAisha and said, "I was the slave of ʿUtba bin Abu Lahab. "Utba died and his sons became my masters who sold me to Ibn Abu ʿAmr who manumitted me. The sons of ʿUtba stipulated that my Wala' should be for them." ʿAisha said, "Barirah came to me and she was given the writing of emancipation by her masters and she asked me to buy and manumit her. I agreed to it, but Barirah told me that her masters would not sell her unless her Wala' was for them." ʿAisha said, "I am not in need of that." When the Prophet ﷺ heard that, or he was told about it, he asked ʿAisha about it. ʿAisha mentioned what Barirah had told her. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Buy and manumit (free) her and let them stipulate whatever they like." So, ʿAisha bought and manumitted her and her masters stipulated that her Wala' should be for them." The Prophet;, said, "The Wala' will be for the liberator even if they stipulated a hundred conditions."  

البخاري:٢٥٦٥حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَيْمَنَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَيْمَنُ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ؓ فَقُلْتُ كُنْتُ غُلاَمًا لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَمَاتَ وَوَرِثَنِي بَنُوهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ بَاعُونِي مِنَ ابْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو فَأَعْتَقَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو وَاشْتَرَطَ بَنُو عُتْبَةَ الْوَلاَءَ فَقَالَتْ دَخَلَتْ بَرِيرَةُ وَهْىَ مُكَاتَبَةٌ فَقَالَتِ اشْتَرِينِي وَأَعْتِقِينِي قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَتْ لاَ يَبِيعُونِي حَتَّى يَشْتَرِطُوا وَلاَئِي فَقَالَتْ لاَ حَاجَةَ لِي بِذَلِكَ

فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَوْ بَلَغَهُ فَذَكَرَ لِعَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ مَا قَالَتْ لَهَا فَقَالَ اشْتَرِيهَا وَأَعْتِقِيهَا وَدَعِيهِمْ يَشْتَرِطُونَ مَا شَاءُوا فَاشْتَرَتْهَا عَائِشَةُ فَأَعْتَقَتْهَا وَاشْتَرَطَ أَهْلُهَا الْوَلاَءَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَإِنِ اشْتَرَطُوا مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ