[Machine] In His saying, "If he is from a people who are your enemies and he is a believer, then the freeing of a believing slave" [An-Nisa 92], it is said that a man used to come to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and would greet him, then he would return to his people who were polytheists. And when the Muslims made a mistake in a battle or a raid, this man would be affected. So, the man would free a slave. And in His saying, "And if he is from a people between whom and you there is a treaty, then the ransom (is) the freeing of a believing slave" [An-Nisa 92], it is said that the man is in a treaty and his people are people of a covenant, so he would hand over his ransom to them and free the one who had been captured. And in the explanation narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, it is mentioned in a similar manner. And if he is in a state of war and he is a believer and he kills him by mistake, then it is incumbent upon his killer to offer expiation and there is no ransom upon him.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ} [النساء 92] قَالَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَيُسَلِّمُ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَيَكُونُ فِيهِمْ وَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ فَيُصِيبُهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ خَطَأً فِي سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْ غَزَاةٍ فَيُعْتِقُ الرَّجُلُ رَقَبَةً {وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ} [النساء 92] قَالَ يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ مُعَاهِدًا وَقَوْمُهُ أَهْلَ عَهْدٍ فَيُسَلَّمُ إِلَيْهِمْ دِيَتُهُ وَأَعْتَقَ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُ رَقَبَةً وَفِي تَفْسِيرِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَقَتَلَهُ خَطَأً فَعَلَى قَاتِلِهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ وَلَا دِيَةَ عَلَيْهِ