[Machine] In his statement "Retribution is written upon you for the slain" [Al-Baqarah: 178], it is stated that this was applied in two tribes of the Arab before Islam, where they fought each other and killed each other before they embraced Islam. Some of them had disputes and killings, so they sought this in Islam. One of the two tribes had a favor over the other, so they swore by Allah that they would kill the men and free the women and slaves. When this verse was revealed, they were satisfied and submitted. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad Ibn Ya'qub informed us, Al-Rabi' Ibn Sulaiman informed us, Al-Shafi'i informed us, Mu'adh Ibn Musa narrated from Bukayr Ibn Ma'ruf from Muqatil Ibn Hayyan who said: "I received this interpretation from a group including Mu'adh, Mujahid, Dahaak, and Al-Hasan. They mentioned its meaning except that they did not mention the statement 'and some of them upon others are scratches and killing.' Al-Shafi'i said: 'Their statement is not similar to what they have said because Allah, may He be exalted, only made each sinner responsible for his sin and did not make one guilty for another. Then he said that it has been reported from the Prophet ﷺ that the one who kills without being a combatant is the most hostile person to Allah.'"  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى} [البقرة 178] الْآيَةَ قَالَ كَانَ بُدُوُّ ذَلِكَ فِي حَيَّيْنِ مِنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ اقْتَتَلُوا قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِقَلِيلٍ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمُوا وَلِبَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ خُمَاشَاتٌ وَقَتْلٌ فَطَلَبُوهَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَكَانَ لِأَحَدِ الْحَيَّيْنِ فَضْلٌ عَلَى الْآخَرِ فَأَقْسَمُوا بِاللهِ لَيُقْتَلَنَّ بِالْأُنْثَى الذَّكَرُ مِنْهُمْ وَبِالْعَبْدِ الْحُرُّ مِنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ رَضُوا وَسَلَّمُوا 15892 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ثنا الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ حَفِظَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْهُمْ مُجَاهِدًا وَالضَّحَّاكَ وَالْحَسَنَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَهُ وَلِبَعْضِهِمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ خُمَاشَاتٌ وَقَتْلٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالُوا مِنْ هَذَا بِمَا قَالُوا لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا أَلْزَمَ كُلَّ مُذْنِبٍ ذَنْبَهُ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ جُرْمَ أَحَدٍ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَعْدَى النَّاسِ عَلَى اللهِ مَنْ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ