Caution: Translations of Quran and Ḥadīth may lead to possible misapplications and misinterpretations. This site is intended for students of sacred knowledge that are proficient in comprehending classical Arabic and have a strong foundation in Islamic sciences. Also note that religious injunctions rely on several aspects beyond what one may glean through reading individual aḥādīth.
adab:439

'Abdullah ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If a man says to his brother, 'You are an unbeliever,' it is true for one or the other of them."

الأدب المفرد:٤٣٩حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٌ قَالَ لأَخِيهِ كَافِرٌ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُمَا

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Collected by Bukhārī, Muslim, Tirmidhī

You would risk becoming a disbeliever if you call another Muslim a kāfir (disbeliever)

bukhari:6104Ismāʿīl > Mālik > ʿAbdullāh b. Dīnār > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If anyone says to his brother O kāfir (disbeliever)! Then surely, one of them such."

البخاري:٦١٠٤حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ قَالَ لأَخِيهِ: يَا كَافِرُ، فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُمَا۔»

muslim:60aAbū Bakr b. Abū Shaybah > Muḥammad b. Bishr And ʿAbd Allāh b. Numayr > ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿUmar > Nāfiʿ > Ibn ʿUmar

When a man calls his brother an unbeliever, it returns (at least) to one of them.

مسلم:٦٠aحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا كَفَّرَ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُمَا

muslim:60bYaḥyá b. Yaḥyá al-Tamīmī And Yaḥyá b. Ayyūb Waqutaybah b. Saʿīd Waʿalī b. Ḥujr > Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar > Yaḥyá b. Yaḥyá > Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar > ʿAbdullāh b. Dīnār > Ibn ʿUmar

Any person who called his brother: "O unbeliever" (has in fact done an act by which this unbelief) would return to one of them. If it were so, as he asserted (then the unbelief of man was confirmed but if it was not true), then it returned to him (to the man who labeled it on his brother Muslim).

مسلم:٦٠bوَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِيُّ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ قَالَ لأَخِيهِ يَا كَافِرُ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهَا أَحَدُهُمَا إِنْ كَانَ كَمَا قَالَ وَإِلاَّ رَجَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ

tirmidhi:2637Qutaybah > Mālik b. Anas > ʿAbdullāh b. Dīnār > Ibn ʿUmar

Ibn 'Umar narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever says to his brother 'disbeliever' then it will have settled upon one of them." Sahih

الترمذي:٢٦٣٧حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ قَالَ لأَخِيهِ كَافِرٌ فَقَدْ بَاءَ بِهِ أَحَدُهُمَا هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ بَاءَ يَعْنِي أَقَرَّ