9. Zakāh (Ritual Charity)

٩۔ كتاب الزكاة

9.32 The Rights Relating To Property

٩۔٣٢ باب فِي حُقُوقِ الْمَالِ

abudawud:1657Qutaybah b. Saʿīd > Abū ʿAwānah > ʿĀṣim b. Abū al-Najūd > Shaqīq > ʿAbdullāh

During the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ we used to consider ma'un (this of daily use) lending a bucket and cooking-pot.  

أبو داود:١٦٥٧حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ عَنْ شَقِيقٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ

كُنَّا نَعُدُّ الْمَاعُونَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَارِيَةَ الدَّلْوِ وَالْقِدْرِ  

abudawud:1658Mūsá b. Ismāʿīl > Ḥammād > Suhayl b. Abū Ṣāliḥ from his father > Abū Hurayrah

Abu Hurairah reported that Messenger of Allah (SWAS) as saying If any owner of treasure (gold and silver) does not pay what is due on it, Allah will make it heated in the Hell fire on the Day of Judgment, and his side, forehead and back will be cauterized with it until Allah gives His Judgment among mankind during a day whose extent will be fifty thousand years of your count and he sees whether his path is to take him to Paradise or to Hell. If any owner does not pay zakat on them, the sheep wilkl appear on the Day or Judgment most strong and in great number, a soft sandy plain will be spread out for them ; they will gore him with their horns and trample him with their hoofs; there will be none of them with twisted horns or without horns. As often as the last of them passes him, the first of them will be brought back to him, until Allah pronounces His Judgment among mankind during a day whose extent will be fifty thousand years that you count, and he sees whether his path is to take him to Paradise or to Hell. If any owner of camels does not pay what is due on them, they will appear in on the Day or Judgment most strong and in great number, a soft sandy plain will be spread out for them ; they will gore him with their horns and trample him with their hoofs; there will be none of them with twisted horns or without horns. As often as the last of them passes him, the first of them will be brought back to him, until Allah pronounces His Judgment among mankind during a day whose extent will be fifty thousand years that you count, and he sees whether his path is to take him to Paradise or to Hell.  

أبو داود:١٦٥٨حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ كَنْزٍ لاَ يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهُ إِلاَّ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُحْمَى عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جَبْهَتُهُ وَجَنْبُهُ وَظَهْرُهُ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ ثُمَّ يُرَى سَبِيلُهُ إِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَإِمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ وَمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ غَنَمٍ لاَ يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهَا إِلاَّ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَوْفَرَ مَا كَانَتْ فَيُبْطَحُ لَهَا بِقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ فَتَنْطَحُهُ بِقُرُونِهَا وَتَطَؤُهُ بِأَظْلاَفِهَا لَيْسَ فِيهَا عَقْصَاءُ وَلاَ جَلْحَاءُ كُلَّمَا مَضَتْ أُخْرَاهَا رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ أُولاَهَا حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ ثُمَّ يُرَى سَبِيلُهُ إِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَإِمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ وَمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ إِبِلٍ لاَ يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهَا إِلاَّ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَوْفَرَ مَا كَانَتْ فَيُبْطَحُ لَهَا بِقَاعٍ قَرْقَرٍ فَتَطَؤُهُ بِأَخْفَافِهَا كُلَّمَا مَضَتْ عَلَيْهِ أُخْرَاهَا رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ أُولاَهَا حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ ثُمَّ يُرَى سَبِيلُهُ إِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَإِمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ  

abudawud:1659Jaʿfar b. Musāfir > Ibn Abū Fudayk > Hishām b. Saʿd > Zayd b. Aslam > Abū Ṣāliḥ > Abū Hurayrah

The above mentioned tradition has also been transmitted by Abu Hurairah through a different chain of narrators in a similar manner from the Prophet ﷺ . This version adds after the words “does not pay what is due on them” in the description of the camels the words “ One thing which is due being to milk them when they come down to drink water.”  

أبو داود:١٦٥٩حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُسَافِرٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَحْوَهُ قَالَ فِي قِصَّةِ الإِبِلِ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ لاَ يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهَا قَالَ وَمِنْ حَقِّهَا حَلْبُهَا يَوْمَ وِرْدِهَا  

abudawud:1660al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī > Yazīd b. Hārūn > Shuʿbah > Qatādah > Abū ʿUmar al-Ghudānī > Abū Hurayrah

I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying something similar to this tradition. He (the narrator) said to AbuHurayrah: What is due on camels? He replied: That you should give the best of your camels (in the path of Allah), that you lend a milch she-camel, you lend your mount for riding, that you lend the stallion for covering, and that you give the milk (to the people) for drinking.  

أبو داود:١٦٦٠حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ الْغُدَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْوَ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَعْنِي لأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَمَا حَقُّ الإِبِلِ قَالَ تُعْطِي الْكَرِيمَةَ وَتَمْنَحُ الْغَزِيرَةَ وَتُفْقِرُ الظَّهْرَ وَتُطْرِقُ الْفَحْلَ وَتَسْقِي اللَّبَنَ  

abudawud:1661Yaḥyá b. Khalaf > Abū ʿĀṣim > Ibn Jurayj > Abū al-Zubayr > ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr

A man asked: Messenger of Allah ﷺ, what is due on camels? He replied in a similar way. This version adds "and to lend its udders.”  

أبو داود:١٦٦١حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ خَلَفٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ سَمِعْتُ عُبَيْدَ بْنَ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ

رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا حَقُّ الإِبِلِ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ زَادَ وَإِعَارَةُ دَلْوِهَا  

abudawud:1662ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Yaḥyá al-Ḥarrānī > Muḥammad b. Salamah > Muḥammad b. Isḥāq > Muḥammad b. Yaḥyá b. Ḥabbān from his uncle Wāsiʿ b. Ḥabbān > Jābir b. ʿAbdullāh

Jabir bin ‘Abdallah said The bProphet (SWAS) commanded that he who plucks ten wasqs of dates from date palms should hang a bunch of dates in the mosque for the poor  

أبو داود:١٦٦٢حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْحَرَّانِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ عَنْ عَمِّهِ وَاسِعِ بْنِ حَبَّانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ مِنْ كُلِّ جَادِّ عَشَرَةِ أَوْسُقٍ مِنَ التَّمْرِ بِقِنْوٍ يُعَلَّقُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ  

abudawud:1663Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh al-Khuzāʿī And Mūsá b. Ismāʿīl > Abū al-Ashhab > Abū Naḍrah > Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī

Abu Sa’id al-Khudri said While we were traveling along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a man came to him on his she camel, and began to drive her right and left. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said he who has a spare riding beast should give it to him who has no riding beast; and he who has surplus equipment should give it to who has no equipment. We thought that none of us had a right in surplus property.  

أبو داود:١٦٦٣حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ وَمُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَشْهَبِ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرٍ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ لَهُ فَجَعَلَ يَصْرِفُهَا يَمِينًا وَشِمَالاً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلُ ظَهْرٍ فَلْيَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى مَنْ لاَ ظَهْرَ لَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلُ زَادٍ فَلْيَعُدْ بِهِ عَلَى مَنْ لاَ زَادَ لَهُ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ لاَ حَقَّ لأَحَدٍ مِنَّا فِي الْفَضْلِ  

abudawud:1664ʿUthmān b. Abū Shaybah > Yaḥyá b. Yaʿlá al-Muḥāribī from my father > Ghaylān > Jaʿfar b. Iyās > Mujāhid > Ibn ʿAbbās > Lammā Nazalat Hadhih al-Āyah And al--Adhīn Yaknizūn al-Dhahab Wa-al-Fiḍḍah > Kabur Dhalik > al-Muslimīn > ʿUmar > Ufarrij > Kum Fānṭalaq > Yā Nabī Allāh Innah Kabur > Aṣḥābik Hadhih al-Āyah

When this verse was revealed: "And those who hoard gold and silver," the Muslims were grieved about it. Umar said: I shall dispel your care. He, therefore, went and said: Prophet of Allah, your Companions were grieved by this verse. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Allah has made zakat obligatory simply to purify your remaining property, and He made inheritances obligatory that they might come to those who survive you. Umar then said: Allah is most great. He then said to him: Let me inform you about the best a man hoards; it is a virtuous woman who pleases him when he looks at her, obeys him when he gives her a command, and guards his interests when he is away from her.  

أبو داود:١٦٦٤حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْلَى الْمُحَارِبِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا غَيْلاَنُ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ { وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ } قَالَ كَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنَا أُفَرِّجُ عَنْكُمْ فَانْطَلَقَ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ كَبُرَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ الزَّكَاةَ إِلاَّ لِيُطَيِّبَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا فَرَضَ الْمَوَارِيثَ لِتَكُونَ لِمَنْ بَعْدَكُمْ فَكَبَّرَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ أَلاَ أُخْبِرُكَ بِخَيْرِ مَا يَكْنِزُ الْمَرْءُ الْمَرْأَةُ الصَّالِحَةُ إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا سَرَّتْهُ وَإِذَا أَمَرَهَا أَطَاعَتْهُ وَإِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا حَفِظَتْهُ