11. Nikāḥ (Marriage)

١١۔ كتاب النكاح

11.18 What Has Been Related About Coercing A Female Orphan To Marry

١١۔١٨ باب مَا جَاءَ فِي إِكْرَاهِ الْيَتِيمَةِ عَلَى التَّزْوِيجِ

tirmidhi:1109Qutaybah > ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Muḥammad > Muḥammad b. ʿAmr > Abū Salamah > Abū Hurayrah

The Messenger of Allah said: "An orphan is to be consulted about herself, then if she is silent that is her permission, and if she refuses, then do not authorize it (the marriage) for her" (meaning: when she attains the age of puberty and refuses it.)

[AI] He said: And in this chapter there are narrations from Abu Musa, Ibn ʿUmar, and ʿA’ishah. Abu ʿIsa said: The hadith of Abu Hurayrah is a good (hasan) hadith. The people of knowledge have differed regarding marrying off an orphan girl. Some of the people of knowledge held that if an orphan girl is married off, then the marriage contract is suspended until she reaches puberty; when she reaches puberty, she has the choice either to approve the marriage or to annul it. This is the view of some of the Followers (Tabiʿin) and others. Others said: It is not permissible to marry off an orphan girl until she reaches puberty, and the option in marriage is not valid. This is the view of Sufyan al-Thawri, al-Shafiʿi, and others among the people of knowledge. Ahmad and Ishaq said: If an orphan girl reaches nine years of age and is married off and she is pleased, then the marriage is valid and she has no option once she becomes mature. They cited as evidence the hadith of ʿA’ishah that the Prophet ﷺ consummated the marriage with her when she was nine years old. And ʿA’ishah said: When a girl reaches nine years of age, she is a woman.

الترمذي:١١٠٩حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ فِي نَفْسِهَا فَإِنْ صَمَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِذْنُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ فَلاَ جَوَازَ عَلَيْهَا

قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى وَابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَائِشَةَ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَزْوِيجِ الْيَتِيمَةِ فَرَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا زُوِّجَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ مَوْقُوفٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ فَإِذَا بَلَغَتْ فَلَهَا الْخِيَارُ فِي إِجَازَةِ النِّكَاحِ أَوْ فَسْخِهِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ بَعْضِ التَّابِعِينَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لاَ يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُ الْيَتِيمَةِ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ وَلاَ يَجُوزُ الْخِيَارُ فِي النِّكَاحِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَزُوِّجَتْ فَرَضِيَتْ فَالنِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَلاَ خِيَارَ لَهَا إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ وَاحْتَجَّا بِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَنَى بِهَا وَهِيَ بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ وَقَدْ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ فَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ