the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sold a Mudabbar.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ذﷺ بَاعَ الْمُدَبَّرَ  

“A man among us promised freedom to a slave after his death, and he did not have any property other than him (this slave). So the Prophet ﷺ sold him, and Ibn (Nahham), a man from Banu 'Adi, bought him.”  

دَبَّرَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا غُلاَمًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُ فَبَاعَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَاشْتَرَاهُ ابْنُ النَّحَّامِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَدِيٍّ  

“The Mudabbar is part of the one third of the estate.”  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ يَقُولُ هَذَا خَطَأٌ يَعْنِي حَدِيثَ الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ  

“Any man whose slave won an bears him a child, she will be free after he dies.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَلَدَتْ أَمَتُهُ مِنْهُ فَهِيَ مُعْتَقَةٌ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْهُ  

“Mention was made of the mother of Ibrahim in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: 'Her son set her free.'”  

ذُكِرَتْ أُمُّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا  

“We used to sell our slave women and the mothers of our children (Umahat Awaldina) when the Prophet ﷺ was still living among us, and we did not see anything wrong with that.”  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ كُنَّا نَبِيعُ سَرَارِينَا وَأُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلاَدِنَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِينَا حَىٌّ لاَ نَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا  

the warrior in the path of Allah, the mukatab seeking to fulfill (his manumission debt), and the one getting married seeking chastity."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلاَثَةٌ كُلُّهُمْ حَقٌّ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَوْنُهُ الْغَازِي فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمُكَاتَبُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ الأَدَاءَ وَالنَّاكِحُ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ التَّعَفُّفَ  

“Any slave who has made a contract to buy his freedom for one hundread Uqiyyah and pays it all except ten Uqiyyah; he is still a slave.” (One Uqiyyah is equal to 40 Dirham.)  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كُوتِبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلاَّ عَشْرَ أُوقِيَّاتٍ فَهُوَ رَقِيقٌ  

“If anyone of you (women) has a Mukatab, and he has enough (wealth) to pay off (his contact of manumission), she must veil herself from him.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ لإِحْدَاكُنَّ مُكَاتَبٌ وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُؤَدِّي فَلْتَحْتَجِبْ مِنْهُ  

that Barirah came to her when she was came to her when she was Muktabah, and her masters had written a contract of manumission for nine Uqiyyah. She (ʿAishah) said: “If your masters wish I will pay them that in one sum, and the right of inheritance will belong to me.” He said: “So she went to her masters and told them about that, but they insisted that the right of inheritance should belong to them. ʿAishah mentioned that to the Prophet ﷺ and he said: 'Do it.' Then the Prophet ﷺ stood up and addressed the people. He praised and glorified Allah (SWT), then he said: 'What is the matter with some people who stipulated conditions that are not in the Book of Allah (SWT)? Every conditions that is not in the Book of Allah (SWT) is invalid, even if there are one hundred conditions. The Book of Allah(SWT) is more deserving of being followed and the conditions of Allah (SWT) are more binding. And the Wala belongs to the one who manumits (the slave).”  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ أَتَتْهَا وَهِيَ مُكَاتَبَةٌ قَدْ كَاتَبَهَا أَهْلُهَا عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ أَهْلُكِ عَدَدْتُ لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَكَانَ الْوَلاَءُ لِي قَالَ فَأَتَتْ أَهْلَهَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ فَأَبَوْا إِلاَّ أَنْ تَشْتَرِطَ الْوَلاَءَ لَهُمْ فَذَكَرَتْ عَائِشَةُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ افْعَلِي قَالَتْ فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ كُلُّ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ وَالْوَلاَءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

I said to Ka'b bin Murrah, tell us a Hadith from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but be careful. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “Whoever frees a Muslim man, he will be his ransom from the Fire; each of his bones will suffice (as a ransom) for each of his bones. Whoever frees two Muslim women, they will be his ransom from the Fire; each of their two bones will suffice (as a ransom) for each of his bones.”  

حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاحْذَرْ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ امْرَأً مُسْلِمًا كَانَ فِكَاكَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ يُجْزِئُ بِكُلِّ عَظْمٍ مِنْهُ عَظْمٌ مِنْهُ وَمَنْ أَعْتَقَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مُسْلِمَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا فِكَاكَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ يُجْزِئُ بِكُلِّ عَظْمَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا عَظْمٌ مِنْهُ  

“I said: 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, which slave is best?' He said: ‘The one who is most precious to his master and most valuable in price.' ”  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَىُّ الرِّقَابِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ أَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا وَأَغْلاَهَا ثَمَنًا  

“Whoever becomes the master of a Mahram relative (with whom marriage is not lawful), he becomes free.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ  

“Whoever becomes the master of a Mahram relative, he becomes free.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ مَلَكَ ذَا رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ  

“Umm Salamah freed me but stipulated that I should serve the Prophet ﷺ as long he lived.”  

أَنْ أَخْدُمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَا عَاشَ  

“Whoever frees his share of a slave or part of his share, must pay from his wealth if he has any wealth if he has any wealth (in order to buy the rest of the slave's freedom). If he does not have wealth, then the slave should be asked to work for the price (of his freedom), without that causing him too much hardship.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ أَوْ شِقْصًا فَعَلَيْهِ خَلاَصُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ فِي قِيمَتِهِ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ  

“Whoever frees his share of a slave, the price of the slave should be fairly evaluated, and he (the partner who initiated this process) should free him (in full, by giving the rest of his price to the other co-owners), if he has enough wealth to do so. Otherwise, he will have freed whatever he freed.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ فَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلاَّ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ  

“Whoever frees a slave who has some wealth, the slave's wealth belongs to him, unless the master stipulates that it will belong to him.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُ الْعَبْدِ لَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ السَّيِّدُ مَالَهُ فَيَكُونَ لَهُ وَقَالَ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَسْتَثْنِيَهُ السَّيِّدُ  

“O Umair, I have set you free in a good way. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: 'Any man who frees a slave and does not say anything about his (the slave's) wealth, it belongs to him (the slave).' So tell me, how much wealth do you have?” Another chain reports a similar hadith.  

لَهُ يَا عُمَيْرُ إِنِّي أُعْتِقُكَ عِتْقًا هَنِيئًا إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ غُلاَمًا وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ مَالَهُ فَالْمَالُ لَهُ فَأَخْبِرْنِي مَا مَالُكَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ لِجَدِّي فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about illegitimate children. He said: “Two sandals in which I wage Jihad are better than freeing an illegitimate child.”  

عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدٍ مَوْلاَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا فَقَالَ نَعْلاَنِ أُجَاهِدُ فِيهِمَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا  

ʿAishah had a male slave and a female slave who were married. She said: “O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I want to free them both.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “If you free them, then start with the man before the woman.”  

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُعْتِقَهُمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ أَعْتَقْتِهِمَا فَابْدَئِي بِالرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ