3. Book of Knowledge (2/2)
٣۔ كِتَابُ الْعِلْمِ ص ٢
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الدَّالِّ عَلَى إِبَاحَةِ إِظْهَارِ الْمَرْءِ بَعْضَ مَا يُحْسِنُ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ، إِذَا صَحَّتْ نِيَّتُهُ فِي إِظْهَارِهِ
Abu Hurairah said that a man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: I saw (in my dream) a piece of cloud from which ghee and honey were dropping. I saw the people spreading their hands. Some of them took much and some a little. I also saw a rope hanging from Heaven to Earth. I saw, Messenger of Allah, that you caught hold of it and ascended by it. Then another man caught hold of it and ascended it. Then another man caught hold of it and ascended it. Then another man caught hold of it, but it broke, and then it was joined and he ascended it. AbuBakr said: May my parents be sacrificed for you, if you allow, I shall interpret it. He said: Interpret it. He said: The piece of cloud is the cloud of Islam; the ghee and honey that were dropping from it are the Qur'an, which contains softness and sweetness. Those who received much or little of it are those who learn much or little of the Qur'an. The rope hanging from Heaven to Earth is the truth which you are following. You catch hold of it and then Allah will raise you to Him. Then another man will catch hold of it and ascend it, Then another man will catch hold of it and it will break. But it will be joined and he will ascend it. Tell me. Messenger of Allah, whether I am right or wrong. He said: You are partly right and partly wrong. He said: I adjure you by Allah, you should tell me where I am wrong. The Prophet ﷺ said: Do not take an oath. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4632)
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّيْلَةَ فِي الْمَنَامِ ظُلَّةً تَنْطِفُ السَّمْنَ وَالْعَسَلَ وَإِذَا النَّاسُ يَتَكَفَّفُونَ فَعَلَوْتَ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ فَعَلَا ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِهِ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَعَلَا ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِهِ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَانْقَطَعَ بِهِ ثُمَّ وُصِلَ لَهُ فَعَلَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَاللَّهِ لَتَدَعَنِّي فَلَأَعْبُرُهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «عَبِّرْ» قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَمَّا الظُّلَّةُ فَظُلَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي يَنْطِفُ مِنَ السَّمْنِ وَالْعَسَلِ فَالْقُرْآنُ حَلَاوَتُهُ وَلِينُهُ وَأَمَّا مَا يَتَكَفَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَالْمُسْتَكْثِرُ وَالْمُسْتَقِلُّ وَأَمَّا السَّبَبُ الْوَاصِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَالْحَقُّ الَّذِي أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَخَذْتَهُ فَيُعْلِيكَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ فَيَعْلُو بِهِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ بِهِ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَيَعْلُو بِهِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ بِهِ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَيَنْقَطِعُ بِهِ ثُمَّ يُوصَلُ لَهُ فَيَعْلُو فَأَخْبِرْنِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ أَصَبْتُ أَمْ أَخْطَأْتُ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَصَبْتَ بَعْضًا وَأَخْطَأْتَ بَعْضًا» قَالَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَتُخْبِرَنِّي بِالَّذِي أَخْطَأْتُ قَالَ «لَا تُقْسِمْ»
ذِكْرُ الْحُكْمِ فِيمَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى أَوْ ضَلَالَةٍ، فَاتُّبِعَ عَلَيْهِ
If anyone summons other to follow right guidance, his reward will be equivalent to that of the people who follow him, without their rewards being diminished in any respect on that account; and if anyone summons others to follow error the sin of which sins being diminished in any respect on that account. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4609)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ دَعَا إِلَى هُدًى كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَجْرِ مِثْلُ أُجُورِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ لَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْءٌ وَمَنْ دَعَا إِلَى ضَلَالَةٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ مِثْلُ آثَامِ مَنْ تَبِعَهُ لَا يَنْقُصُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ آثَامِهِمْ شَيْئًا»
Believers must show moderation even in matters of amusement, happiness, and celebrations
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ عَلَى الْعَالِمِ أَنْ لَا يُقَنِّطُ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ عَنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ
the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by a group of his Companions and they were laughing. Thereupon, he said, "If you ˹only˺ knew what I know, you would laugh little and weep a lot." Then Jibrīl came to him and said, "Allah says to you, 'Why are you putting my servants in despair?'" He said that he returned back to them then said, "Attempt moderation ˹in your actions as you˺ rejoice."
مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَهْطٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَهُمْ يَضْحَكُونَ فَقَالَ «لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلًا وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا» فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ لَكَ لِمَ تُقَنِّطُ عِبَادِي؟ قَالَ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ «سَدِّدُوا وَقَارِبُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا»
ذِكْرُ إِبَاحَةِ تَأْلِيفِ الْعَالِمِ كُتُبَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا
[Machine] "We used to compile the Qur'an from scattered parchments in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ."
«كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُؤَلِّفُ الْقُرْآنَ مِنَ الرِّقَاعِ»
ذِكْرُ الْإِخْبَارِ عَمَّا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ مِنْ تَعَلُّمِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا، وَاتِّبَاعِ مَا فِيهِ عِنْدَ وُقُوعِ الْفِتَنِ خَاصَّةً
[Machine] I said, "O Messenger of Allah, is there any evil after the goodness that we are currently in, which we should beware of?" He said, "O Hudhayfah, rely on the Book of Allah, learn it, and follow what is good in it for you."
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْخَيْرِ الَّذِي نَحْنُ فِيهِ مِنْ شَرٍّ نَحْذَرُهُ؟ قَالَ «يَا حُذَيْفَةُ عَلَيْكَ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَتَعَلَّمْهُ وَاتَّبِعْ مَا فِيهِ خَيْرًا لَكَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ مِنْ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ مَنْ تَعلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ وَعَلَّمَهُ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The best of you are those who learn Qurʿan and teach it.” (Using translation from Aḥmad 1318)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «خَيْرُكُمْ مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ وَعَلَّمَهُ»
ذِكْرُ الْأَمْرِ بِاقْتِنَاءِ الْقُرْآنِ مَعَ تَعْلِيمِهِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Learn the Quran and keep it with you, for by the One in whose hand is my soul, it is more intricate than the separation of the placenta in the womb."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «تَعَلَّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَاقْتَنُوهُ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَهُوَ أَشَدُّ تَفَصِّيًا مِنَ الْمَخَاضِ فِي الْعُقُلِ»
ذِكْرُ الزَّجْرِ عَنْ أَنْ لَا يَسْتَغْنِيَ الْمَرْءُ بِمَا أُوتِيَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا
(The narrator Qutaibah said: This tradition has been narrated by Sa'id b. Abu Sa'id in my collection): The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He who does not chant the Qur'an is not one of us. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1469)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ بِالْقُرْآنِ»
ذِكْرُ وَصْفِ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الْقُرْآنَ وَالْإِيمَانَ، أَوْ أُعْطِيَ أَحَدَهُمَا دُونَ الْآخَرِ
[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ, he said, "The likeness of one who is given the Qur'an and faith is like that of a pleasant tasting date, with a pleasant fragrance. And the likeness of one who is not given the Quran and faith is like that of a date that tastes bitter, with no fragrance. The likeness of one who is given faith but not given the Qur'an is like that of a date that is pleasant tasting but has no fragrance. And the likeness of one who is given the Qur'an but not given faith is like that of basil, with a bitter taste but pleasant fragrance.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَثَلُ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الْقُرْآنَ وَالْإِيمَانَ كَمَثَلِ أُتْرُجَّةٍ طَيِّبِ الطَّعْمِ طَيِّبِ الرِّيحِ وَمَثَلُ مَنْ لَمْ يُعْطَ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَمْ يُعْطَ الْإِيمَانَ كَمَثَلِ الْحَنْظَلَةِ مُرَّةِ الطَّعْمِ لَا رِيحَ لَهَا وَمَثَلُ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الْإِيمَانَ وَلَمْ يُعْطَ الْقُرْآنَ كَمَثَلِ التَّمْرَةِ طَيِّبَةِ الطَّعْمِ وَلَا رِيحَ لَهَا وَمَثَلُ مَنْ أُعْطِيَ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَمْ يُعْطَ الْإِيمَانَ كَمَثَلِ الرَّيْحَانَةِ مُرَّةِ الطَّعْمِ طَيِّبَةِ الرِّيحِ»
ذِكْرُ نَفْيِ الضَّلَالِ عَنِ الْآخِذِ بِالْقُرْآنِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to us and said, "Rejoice, and rejoice! Are you not witness that there is no deity except Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah?" We replied, "Yes." He said, "Verily, this Quran has one end in the hand of Allah, and the other end in your hands, so hold onto it firmly. For you will never go astray nor be destroyed ever after."
خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «أَبْشِرُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا أَلَيْسَ تَشْهَدُونَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ؟ » قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ «فَإِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ سَبَبٌ طَرَفُهُ بِيَدِ اللَّهِ وَطَرَفُهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ فَتَمَسَّكُوا بِهِ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَنْ تَضِلُّوا وَلَنْ تَهْلِكُوا بَعْدَهُ أَبَدًا»
ذِكْرُ إِثْبَاتِ الْهُدَى لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَالضَّلَالَةِ لِمَنْ تَرَكَهُ
[Machine] We entered upon him and said to him, "You have indeed witnessed good, accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and prayed behind him." He replied, "Yes, indeed he ﷺ delivered a sermon to us and said, 'I am leaving among you the Qur'an, it is the rope of Allah, whoever holds onto it will be upon guidance, and whoever abandons it will be upon misguidance.'"
دَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتَ خَيْرًا صَحِبْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصَلَّيْتَ خَلْفَهُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَإِنَّهُ ﷺ خَطَبَنَا فَقَالَ «إِنِّي تَارِكٌ فِيكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ هُوَ حَبْلُ اللَّهِ مَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَى وَمَنْ تَرَكَهُ كَانَ عَلَى الضَّلَالَةِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ مَنْ جَعَلَهُ إِمَامَهُ بِالْعَمَلِ قَادَهُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ، وَمَنْ جَعَلَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ بِتَرْكِ الْعَمَلِ سَاقَهُ إِلَى النَّارِ
[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ it is reported that he said, "The Qur'an is an intercessor and a witness. It is permissible to trust it, and whoever places it as his leader, it will guide him to Paradise; and whoever places it behind his back, it will lead him to the Fire."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «الْقُرْآنُ مُشَفَّعٌ * وَمَا حِلٌ مُصَدَّقٌ مَنْ جَعَلَهُ إِمَامَهُ قَادَهُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَمَنْ جَعَلَهُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ سَاقَهُ إِلَى النَّارِ»
ذِكْرُ إِبَاحَةِ الْحَسَدِ لِمَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَقَامَ بِهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ
"There is to be no envy except for two: A man to whom Allah grants wealth and he spends from it during the hours of the night and the hours of the day. And a man to whom Allah grants (memorization of) the Quran so he stands with it (in prayer) during the hours of the night and the hours of the day." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1936)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «لَا حَسَدَ إِلَّا فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ رَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْقُرْآنَ فَهُوَ يَقُومُ بِهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَآنَاءَ النَّهَارِ وَرَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَآنَاءَ النَّهَارِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ، وَآنَاءَ النَّهَارِ» أَرَادَ بِهِ فَهُوَ يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ
Envy is not justified but in case of two persons only: one who, having been given (knowledge of) the Qur'an by Allah, recites it during the night and during the day (and acts upon it), and the person who, having been given wealth by God, gives it in charity during the night and the day. (Using translation from Muslim 815b)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا حَسَدَ إِلَّا عَلَى اثْنَتَيْنِ رَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ فَقَامَ بِهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَرَجُلٌ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَآنَاءَ النَّهَارِ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضُ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْخُلَفَاءَ الرَّاشِدِينَ، وَالْكِبَارَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ أَنْ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِمْ بَعْضُ أَحْكَامِ الْوُضُوءِ وَالصَّلَاةِ
What do you think if a man has intercourse with his wife but does not ejaculate? ʿUthmanؓ Said. He should do wudooʿ as for prayer and wash his private part. And ʿUthman ؓ said: I heard it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; I asked ‘Ali bin Abi Talib, az-Zubair bin al-ʿ Awwam, Talhah bin ʿUbaidullah and Ubayy bin Kaʿb about that, and they told him to do the same. (Using translation from Aḥmad 448)
عُثْمَانُ «سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَسَأَلْتُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ وَطَلْحَةَ بْنَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَأُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ فَقَالُوا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
3.2.47 Subsection
٣۔٢۔٤٧ ذِكْرُ الْحَثِّ عَلَى تَعْلِيمِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَعَلَّمِ الْإِنْسَانُ بِالتَّمَامِ
When we were in the Suffah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked: Which of you would like to go out every morning to Buthan or Al-'Aqiq and bring two large humped and fat she-camels without being guilty of sin and severing ties of relationship ? They (the people) said: Messenger of Allah, we would all like that. He said: If any one of you goes out in the morning to the mosque and learns two verses of the Book of Allah, the Exalted, it is better for him than two she-camels, and three verses are better for him than three she-camels, and so on than their numbers in camels. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1456)
سَمِعْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ الْجُهَنِيَّ يَقُولُ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ فِي الصُّفَّةِ فَقَالَ «أَيُّكُمْ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْدُوَ إِلَى بُطْحَانَ أَوِ الْعَقِيقِ فَيَأْتِيَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ بِنَاقَتَيْنِ كَوْمَاوَيْنِ زَهْرَاوَيْنِ يَأْخُذُهُمَا فِي غَيْرِ إِثْمٍ وَلَا قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ؟ » قَالُوا كُلُّنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَلَأَنْ يَغْدُوَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَيَتَعَلَّمَ آيَتَيْنِ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ نَاقَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ وَأَرْبَعٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عِدَادِهِنَّ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "Learn the Quran, for it will come as an intercessor for its companions on the Day of Judgment. And adhere to the two surahs of Al-Baqarah and Al-'Imran, for they will come on the Day of Judgment as if they are two clouds or two flocks of birds disputing for their companions. And hold on to Surah Al-Baqarah, for taking it brings blessings and leaving it causes regret, and it is too difficult for the idle."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «تَعَلَّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ فَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شَافِعًا لِأَصْحَابِهِ وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالزَّهْرَاوَيْنِ الْبَقَرَةِ وَآلِ عِمْرَانَ فَإِنَّهُمَا تَأْتِيَانِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ كَأَنَّهُمَا غَمَامَتَانِ أَوْ كَأَنَّهُمَا غَيَايَتَانِ أَوْ فِرْقَانِ مِنْ طَيْرٍ تُحَاجَّانِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِمَا وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فَإِنَّ أَخْذَهَا بَرَكَةٌ وَتَرْكَهَا حَسْرَةٌ وَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُهَا الْبَطَلَةُ»