36. Book of Joint Ownership
٣٦۔ كِتَابُ الشُّفْعَةِ
ذِكْرُ الزَّجْرِ عَنْ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الْمَرْءُ حَائِطَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْرِضَهُ عَلَى جَارِهِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Intercession is permissible for every quarter or section that cannot be sold unless it is offered to its owner. If he wishes, he may take it, and if he wishes, he may leave it."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الشُّفْعَةُ فِي كُلِّ رَبْعَةٍ أَوْ حَائِطٍ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَتَّى يَعْرِضَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ هَذَا الزَّجْرَ إِنَّمَا زُجِرَ عَنْهُ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي أَرْضِهِ إِذِ الشُّفْعَةُ لَا تَكُونُ إِلَّا لِلشُّرَكَاءِ
He who has a partner in a dwelling or a garden, it is not lawful for him to sell that until he is permitted by his partner. If he (the partner) agrees, he should go in for that, and if he disapproves of that, he should abandon (the idea of selling it). (Using translation from Muslim 1608a)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي رَبْعَةٍ أَوْ نَخْلٍ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَتَّى يُؤْذِنَ شَرِيكَهُ فَإِنْ رَضِيَ أَخَذَ وَإِنْ كَرِهَ تَرَكَ»
ذِكْرُ الْأَمْرِ بِأَخْذِ الشُّفْعَةِ لِلْجَارِ فِي الْعُقْدَةِ الْمَبِيعَةِ
“The neighbor has more right to property that is near.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2495)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ» أَرَادَ بِهِ الْجَارَ الَّذِي يَكُونُ شَرِيكًا دُونَ الْجَارِ الَّذِي لَا يَكُونُ بِشَرِيكٍ
[Machine] "I was with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and Al-Miswar ibn Makhrama when Abu Rafi', the servant of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, came. He said to Sa'd ibn Malik, "Buy my two houses in your neighborhood." Sa'd replied, "Only for four thousand dinars, whether coined or cut." Abu Rafi' said, "By Allah, if I had not heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'The neighbor has more right to one's good treatment,' I would not have offered it to you. I was offered five hundred dinars for it before."
«كُنْتُ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ فَجَاءَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ اشْتَرِ مِنِّي بَيْتَيَّ اللَّذَيْنِ فِي دَارِكَ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ مُنَجَّمَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ مُقَطَّعَةٍ فَقَالَ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ » الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ مَا بِعْتُكَهَا لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ بِهَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ «
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ أَوْهَمَ مَنْ جَهِلَ صِنَاعَةَ الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ الْجَارَ الْمُلَاصِقَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَرِيكًا لَهُ الشُّفْعَةُ
The Prophet ﷺ said: A neighbour has the best claim to the house or land of the neighbour. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3517)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ جَارُ الدَّارِ أَحَقُّ بِالدَّارِ
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الدَّالِّ عَلَى أَنَّ عُمُومَ هَذَا الْخَطَّابِ أَرَادَ بِهِ بَعْضَ الْجَارِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ شَرِيكًا دُونَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَرِيكًا
While I was standing with Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas, Al-Miswar bin Makhrama came and put his hand on my shoulder. Meanwhile Abu Rafiʿ, the freed slave of the Prophet ﷺ came and asked Saʿd to buy from him the (two) dwellings which were in his house. Saʿd said, "By Allah I will not buy them." Al- Miswar said, "By Allah, you shall buy them." Saʿd replied, "By Allah, I will not pay more than four thousand (Dirhams) by installments." Abu Rafiʿ said, "I have been offered five hundred Dinars (for it) and had I not heard the Prophet ﷺ saying, 'The neighbor has more right than anyone else because of his nearness, I would not give them to you for four-thousand (Dirhams) while I am offered five-hundred Dinars (one Dinar equals ten Dirhams) for them." So, he sold it to Saʿd. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2258)
أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَقَفْتُ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فَجَاءَ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى أَحَدِ مَنْكِبَيَّ إِذْ جَاءَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا سَعْدُ ابْتَعْ مِنِّي بَيْتِي فِي دَارِكَ فَقَالَ سَعْدُ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَبْتَاعُهُمَا فَقَالَ الْمِسْوَرُ وَاللَّهِ لَتَبْتَاعَنَّهُمَا فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَزِيدُكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ مُنَجَّمَةٍ أَوْ مُقَطَّعَةٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ بِهَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «الْمَرْءُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ» مَا أَعْطَيْتُكَهُمَا بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَأَنَا أُعْطَى بِهِمَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُصَرِّحِ بِأَنَّ الْجَارَ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مُتَلَاصِقًا أَوْ مُجَاوِرًا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ الشُّفْعَةُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ شَرِيكًا لِبَائِعِ الدَّارِ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decreed the right to buy the neighboring property applicable to everything which is not divided, but when boundaries are fixed and separate roads made, there is no option. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3514)
«إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ال شُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
ذِكْرُ نَفْيِ الشُّفْعَةِ عَنِ الْعَقْدِ إِذَا اشْتَرَاهَا غَيْرُ شَرِيكٍ لِبَائِعِهَا مِنْهَا
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decreed the right to buy the neighboring property applicable to everything which is not divided, but when boundaries are fixed and separate roads made, there is no option. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3514)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَانٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِصِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ ﷺ «الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ»
Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided the validity of preemption in every joint undivided property, but if the boundaries were well marked or the ways and streets were fixed, then there was no pre-emption. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2214)
«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ال شُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَالِثٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِصِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided the validity of preemption in every joint undivided property, but if the boundaries were well marked or the ways and streets were fixed, then there was no pre-emption. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2214)
«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِال شُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»