79. Asking Permission

٧٩۔ كتاب الاستئذان

79.2 "... Enter not a house other than your own..."

٧٩۔٢ بَابُ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لاَ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْنِسُوا وَتُسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَّكَّرُونَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فِيهَا أَحَدًا فَلاَ تَدْخُلُوهَا حَتَّى يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ وَإِنْ قِيلَ لَكُمُ ارْجِعُوا فَارْجِعُوا هُوَ أَزْكَى لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتًا غَيْرَ مَسْكُونَةٍ فِيهَا مَتَاعٌ لَكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا تَكْتُمُونَ}

[Machine] "And Sa'id bin Abi al-Hasan said to al-Hasan: Indeed, the non-Arab women expose their chests and their heads." He said, "Turn your gaze away from them." The saying of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic: "Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their private parts." And he said to what is forbidden for them: "And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their private parts." "The treacherous of the eyes" refers to looking at what one is prohibited from looking at. And al-Zuhri said regarding looking at women who have not menstruated: It is not permissible to look at anything from them that is desired to be looked at, even if they are young. And 'Ata disliked looking at slave girls who are for sale in Mecca, unless one intends to buy them.

وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ لِلْحَسَنِ إِنَّ نِسَاءَ الْعَجَمِ يَكْشِفْنَ صُدُورَهُنَّ وَرُءُوسَهُنَّ قَالَ اصْرِفْ بَصَرَكَ عَنْهُنَّ. قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷻ: {قُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهْمَ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ}. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ عَمَّا لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ: {وَقُلْ لِلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ}، {خَائِنَةَ الأَعْيُنِ} مِنَ النَّظَرِ إِلَى مَا نُهِيَ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي النَّظَرِ إِلَى الَّتِي لَمْ تَحِضْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ لاَ يَصْلُحُ النَّظَرُ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْهُنَّ مِمَّنْ يُشْتَهَى النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَغِيرَةً. وَكَرِهَ عَطَاءٌ النَّظَرَ إِلَى الْجَوَارِي يُبَعْنَ بِمَكَّةَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يُرِيدَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ.

bukhari:6228Abū al-Yamān > Shuʿayb > al-Zuhrī > Sulaymān b. Yasār > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbbās

Al-Fadl bin ʿAbbas rode behind the Prophet ﷺ as his companion rider on the back portion of his she camel on the Day of Nahr (slaughtering of sacrifice, 10th Dhul-Hijja) and Al-Fadl was a handsome man. The Prophet ﷺ stopped to give the people verdicts. In the meantime, a beautiful woman From the tribe of Khath'am came, asking the verdict of Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Fadl started looking at her as her beauty attracted him. The Prophet ﷺ looked behind while Al-Fadl was looking at her; so the Prophet ﷺ held out his hand backwards and caught the chin of Al-Fadl and turned his face (to the owner sides in order that he should not gaze at her. She said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! The obligation of Performing Hajj enjoined by Allah on His worshipers, has become due (compulsory) on my father who is an old man and who cannot sit firmly on the riding animal. Will it be sufficient that I perform Hajj on his behalf?" He said, "Yes."

البخاري:٦٢٢٨حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ

أَرْدَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْفَضْلَ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ خَلْفَهُ عَلَى عَجُزِ رَاحِلَتِهِ وَكَانَ الْفَضْلُ رَجُلاً وَضِيئًا فَوَقَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلنَّاسِ يُفْتِيهِمْ وَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ خَثْعَمَ وَضِيئَةٌ تَسْتَفْتِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَطَفِقَ الْفَضْلُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا وَأَعْجَبَهُ حُسْنُهَا فَالْتَفَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا فَأَخْلَفَ بِيَدِهِ فَأَخَذَ بِذَقَنِ الْفَضْلِ فَعَدَلَ وَجْهَهُ عَنِ النَّظَرِ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ فَرِيضَةَ اللَّهِ فِي الْحَجِّ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ أَدْرَكَتْ أَبِي شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَسْتَوِيَ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ فَهَلْ يَقْضِي عَنْهُ أَنْ أَحُجَّ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ

Etiquettes when sitting in the pathways and giving pathway its due right

bukhari:6229ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad > Abū ʿĀmir > Zuhayr > Zayd b. Aslam > ʿAṭāʾ b. Yasār > Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī

The Prophet ﷺ said: “Beware of sitting in the roadways.” They said: “O Messenger of Allah, we cannot do without our gatherings; we talk in them.” He said: “If you insist on sitting, then give the road its due right.” They said: “What is the right of the road, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “Lowering the gaze, refraining from harm, returning greetings of peace, enjoining what is right, and forbidding what is wrong.”

البخاري:٦٢٢٩حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْجُلُوسَ بِالطُّرُقَاتِ»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَجَالِسِنَا بُدٌّ نَتَحَدَّثُ فِيهَا؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا أَبَيْتُمْ إِلاَّ الْمَجْلِسَ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهُ»، قَالُوا: وَمَا حَقُّ الطَّرِيقِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «غَضُّ الْبَصَرِ، وَكَفُّ الأَذَى، وَرَدُّ السَّلاَمِ، وَالأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَالنَّهْىُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ».