12. Fear Prayer

١٢۔ كتاب صلاة الخوف

12.1 The Salat-ul-Khauf

١٢۔١ باب صَلاَةِ الْخَوْفِ

[Machine] And the saying of Allah, the Most High: "And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayers, [especially] if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you. Indeed, the disbelievers have always been an open enemy to you. And when you are among them and lead them in prayer, let a group of them stand [in prayer] with you and let them carry their arms. And when they have prostrated, let them be [in position] behind you and have the other group come forward which has not yet prayed and let them pray with you, taking precaution and carrying their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you would neglect your weapons and your baggage so they could come down upon you in a single attack. But there is no blame upon you, if you are troubled by rain or are ill, for putting down your arms, but take precaution. Indeed, Allah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment."

وَقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ كَانُوا لَكُمْ عَدُوًّا مُبِينًا وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلاَةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا فَلْيَكُونُوا مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّوا فَلْيُصَلُّوا مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِنْ مَطَرٍ أَوْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَنْ تَضَعُوا أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا}.

bukhari:942Abū al-Yamān > Shuʿayb > al-Zuhrī > Saʾaltuh

I asked Az-Zuhri, "Did the Prophet ﷺ ever offer the Fear Prayer?" Az-Zuhri said, "I was told by Salim that ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar I had said, 'I took part in a holy battle with Messenger of Allah ﷺ I in Najd. We faced the enemy and arranged ourselves in rows. Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up to lead the prayer and one party stood to pray with him while the other faced the enemy. Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the former party bowed and performed two prostrations. Then that party left and took the place of those who had not prayed. Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed one rakʿa (with the latter) and performed two prostrations and finished his prayer with Taslim. Then everyone of them bowed once and performed two prostrations individually.' "  

البخاري:٩٤٢حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ

سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعْنِي صَلاَةَ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمٌ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَوَازَيْنَا الْعَدُوَّ فَصَافَفْنَا لَهُمْ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي لَنَا فَقَامَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مَعَهُ تُصَلِّي وَأَقْبَلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا مَكَانَ الطَّائِفَةِ الَّتِي لَمْ تُصَلِّ فَجَاءُوا فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فَرَكَعَ لِنَفْسِهِ رَكْعَةً وَسَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ  

bukhari:943Saʿīd b. Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd al-Qurashī from my father > Ibn Jurayj > Mūsá b. ʿUqbah > Nāfiʿ > Ibn ʿUmar Naḥw from Qawl Mujāhid Idhā Ākhtalaṭūā Qiyām And Zād Ibn ʿUmar

Ibn ʿUmar said something similar to Mujahid's saying: Whenever (Muslims and non-Muslims) stand face to face in battle, the Muslims can pray while standing. Ibn ʿUmar added, "The Prophet ﷺ said, 'If the number of the enemy is greater than the Muslims, they can pray while standing or riding (individually).' "  

البخاري:٩٤٣حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ نَحْوًا مِنْ قَوْلِ مُجَاهِدٍ إِذَا اخْتَلَطُوا قِيَامًا وَزَادَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلْيُصَلُّوا قِيَامًا وَرُكْبَانًا  

bukhari:944Ḥaywah b. Shurayḥ > Muḥammad b. Ḥarb > al-Zubaydī > al-Zuhrī > ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUtbah > Ibn ʿAbbās

Once the Prophet ﷺ led the fear prayer and the people stood behind him. He said Takbir (Allahu-Akbar) and the people said the same. He bowed and some of them bowed. Then he prostrated and they also prostrated. Then he stood for the second rakʿa and those who had prayed the first rakʿa left and guarded their brothers. The second party joined him and performed bowing and prostration with him. All the people were in prayer but they were guarding one another during the prayer.  

البخاري:٩٤٤حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ عَنِ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ

قَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرُوا مَعَهُ وَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعَ نَاسٌ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ ثُمَّ قَامَ لِلثَّانِيَةِ فَقَامَ الَّذِينَ سَجَدُوا وَحَرَسُوا إِخْوَانَهُمْ وَأَتَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الأُخْرَى فَرَكَعُوا وَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ وَالنَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ فِي صَلاَةٍ وَلَكِنْ يَحْرُسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا  

12.4 As-Salat at the time of besieging a fort and at the time of meeting the enemy

١٢۔٤ باب الصَّلاَةِ عِنْدَ مُنَاهَضَةِ الْحُصُونِ وَلِقَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ

[Machine] "And Al-Awza'i said: If victory is imminent and they are unable to perform the prayer, they should pray silently each for oneself. If they are unable to make any gestures, they should delay the prayer until the fighting subsides or they are safe, and then they should perform two Rak'ahs. If they are unable to do so, they should pray one Rak'ah and two prostrations. The Takbeer should not be performed and they should delay it until they are safe. And Makhooul said the same. Anas said: I was present at the Battle of Hindah when the fighting intensified at dawn and they were unable to perform the prayer. We did not pray until after sunrise, and we performed it with Abu Musa. Then victory was granted to us. Anas also said: What pleases me about this worldly prayer and what is in it?"

وَقَالَ الأَوْزَاعِيُّ إِنْ كَانَ تَهَيَّأَ الْفَتْحُ، وَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الصَّلاَةِ صَلَّوْا إِيمَاءً كُلُّ امْرِئٍ لِنَفْسِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الإِيمَاءِ أَخَّرُوا الصَّلاَةَ، حَتَّى يَنْكَشِفَ الْقِتَالُ أَوْ يَأْمَنُوا، فَيُصَلُّوا رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا صَلَّوْا رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ، لاَ يُجْزِئُهُمُ التَّكْبِيرُ وَيُؤَخِّرُوهَا حَتَّى يَأْمَنُوا وَبِهِ قَالَ مَكْحُولٌ. وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ حَضَرْتُ عِنْدَ مُنَاهَضَةِ حِصْنِ تُسْتَرَ عِنْدَ إِضَاءَةِ الْفَجْرِ، وَاشْتَدَّ اشْتِعَالُ الْقِتَالِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الصَّلاَةِ، فَلَمْ نُصَلِّ إِلاَّ بَعْدَ ارْتِفَاعِ النَّهَارِ، فَصَلَّيْنَاهَا وَنَحْنُ مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى، فَفُتِحَ لَنَا. وَقَالَ أَنَسٌ وَمَا يَسُرُّنِي بِتِلْكَ الصَّلاَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا.

bukhari:945Yaḥyá > Wakīʿ > ʿAlī b. Mubārak > Yaḥyá b. Abū Kathīr > Abū Salamah > Jābir b. ʿAbdullāh > Jāʾ ʿUmar Yawm al-Khandaq Fajaʿal Yasub Kuffār Quraysh

On the day of the Khandaq ʿUmar came, cursing the disbelievers of Quraish and said, "O Allah's Apostle! I have not offered the ʿAsr prayer and the sun has set." The Prophet ﷺ replied, "By Allah! I too, have not offered the prayer yet. "The Prophet ﷺ then went to Buthan, performed ablution and performed the ʿAsr prayer after the sun had set and then offered the Maghrib prayer after it."  

البخاري:٩٤٥حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُبَارَكٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ

جَاءَ عُمَرُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ فَجَعَلَ يَسُبُّ كُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ وَيَقُولُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا صَلَّيْتُ الْعَصْرَ حَتَّى كَادَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ تَغِيبَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ مَا صَلَّيْتُهَا بَعْدُ قَالَ فَنَزَلَ إِلَى بُطْحَانَ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بَعْدَ مَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ بَعْدَهَا  

12.5 The chaser and the chased can offer Salat (prayer) while riding , and by signs

١٢۔٥ بَابُ صَلاَةِ الطَّالِبِ وَالْمَطْلُوبِ رَاكِبًا وَإِيمَاءً

[Machine] And Al-Walid said, "I mentioned to Al-Awza'i regarding the prayer of Shurahbil ibn Al-Simt and his companions on the back of the beast, so he said, 'This is the custom among us when there is fear of being besieged.' Al-Walid then referred to the saying of the Prophet (pbuh): 'No one should pray Al-Asr except in the tribe of Qurayzah.'"

وَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ ذَكَرْتُ لِلأَوْزَاعِيِّ صَلاَةَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ السِّمْطِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الدَّابَّةِ فَقَالَ كَذَلِكَ الأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا إِذَا تُخُوِّفَ الْفَوْتُ، وَاحْتَجَّ الْوَلِيدُ بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «لاَ يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ الْعَصْرَ إِلاَّ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ».

bukhari:946ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad b. Asmāʾ > Jūwayriyah > Nāfiʿ > Ibn ʿUmar

When the Prophet ﷺ returned from the battle of Al-Ahzab (The confederates), he said to us, "None should offer the 'Asr prayer but at Bani Quraiza." The 'Asr prayer became due for some of them on the way. Some of them decided not to offer the Salat but at Bani Quraiza while others decided to offer the Salat on the spot and said that the intention of the Prophet ﷺ was not what the former party had understood. And when that was told to the Prophet ﷺ he did not blame anyone of them.  

البخاري:٩٤٦حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ

النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَنَا لَمَّا رَجَعَ مِنَ الأَحْزَابِ لاَ يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ الْعَصْرَ إِلاَّ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَأَدْرَكَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْعَصْرَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لاَ نُصَلِّي حَتَّى نَأْتِيَهَا وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَلْ نُصَلِّي لَمْ يُرَدْ مِنَّا ذَلِكَ فَذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يُعَنِّفْ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمْ  

bukhari:947Musaddad > Ḥammād > ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ṣuhayb And Thābit al-Bunānī > Anas b. Mālik

Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered the Fajr prayer when it was still dark, then he rode and said, 'Allah Akbar! Khaibar is ruined. When we approach near to a nation, the most unfortunate is the morning of those who have been warned." The people came out into the streets saying, "Muhammad and his army." Messenger of Allah ﷺ vanquished them by force and their warriors were killed; the children and women were taken as captives. Safiya was taken by Dihya Al-Kalbi and later she belonged to Allah's Apostle go who married her and her Mahr was her manumission.  

البخاري:٩٤٧حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ وَثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ بِغَلَسٍ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ فَخَرَجُوا يَسْعَوْنَ فِي السِّكَكِ وَيَقُولُونَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ قَالَ وَالْخَمِيسُ الْجَيْشُ فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ وَسَبَى الذَّرَارِيَّ فَصَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ لِدِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَصَارَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَجَعَلَ صَدَاقَهَا عِتْقَهَا فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ لِثَابِتٍ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْتَ سَأَلْتَ أَنَسًا مَا أَمْهَرَهَا قَالَ أَمْهَرَهَا نَفْسَهَا فَتَبَسَّمَ