[Machine] "Allah, ﷺ , said: Every servant has surely erred or been inclined towards a sin except Yahya bin Zakariya, for he did not commit any mistakes nor was he inclined towards any sin. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, who narrated from Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Ishaq, who narrated from Muhammad bin Ghaleb, who narrated from Affan and Abu Salama, who said they were informed by Hammad bin Salama, who heard from Habib bin Ash-Shahid and Yunus bin Ubaid and Humaid, who narrated from Al-Hasan, who narrated from the Prophet, ﷺ , and Ali bin Zaid, who narrated from Yusuf bin Mihran, who narrated from Ibn Abbas, who narrated from the Prophet, ﷺ , who said: There is no human being, if his matter is mentioned, except that Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: If the majority in a man's affair is obedience and nobility, then his testimony is accepted. But if the majority in his affair is disobedience and contradicts nobility, then his testimony is rejected. The Sheikh said: The explanation of this is what was informed to us by Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz. He said: I heard Abu Al-Walid al-Faqih say: I heard Abu Al-Abbas bin Suraij saying: He was asked about the description of justice, so he said: It is to be a free Muslim, of age, sane, not committing major sins nor insisting on committing minor ones, and not neglecting the common sense of nobility. The Sheikh said: As for the evidence in the conditions of Islam, freedom, adulthood, and sanity, that has already passed."  

اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ أَوْ هَمَّ بِخَطِيئَةٍ لَيْسَ يَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُخْطِئْ وَلَمْ يَهِمَّ بِخَطِيئَةٍ 20749 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ ثنا عَفَّانُ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ قَالَا ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ وَيُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَحُمَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ آدَمِيٍّ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَغْلَبَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْأَظْهَرَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ الطَّاعَةُ وَالْمُرُوءَةُ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ وَإِذَا كَانَ الْأَغْلَبَ الْأَظْهَرَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ الْمَعْصِيَةُ وَخِلَافُ الْمُرُوءَةِ رُدَّتْ شَهَادَتُهُ 20750 قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَتَفْسِيرُ هَذَا فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنَ سُرَيْجٍ يَقُولُ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِفَةِ الْعَدَالَةِ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ حُرًّا مُسْلِمًا بَالِغًا عَاقِلًا غَيْرَ مُرْتَكِبٍ لَكَبِيرَةٍ وَلَا مُصِرٍّ عَلَى صَغِيرَةٍ وَلَا يَكُونُ تَارِكًا لِلْمُرُوءَةِ فِي غَالِبِ الْعَادَةِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي شَرْطِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْحُرِّيَةُ وَالْبُلُوغُ وَالْعَقْلُ فَقَدْ مَضَتْ