[Machine] Allah said to Raafidh ibn Khadeej, "I swear by Allah, I know more about this matter than he does. Only two men from the Ansar came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They had been in a fight, so the Messenger of Allah said, 'If this is your case, do not cultivate the crops.' When he heard him say, 'Do not cultivate the crops,' Shaykh Zayd ibn Thabit and Ibn Abbas considered it as if they denied the prohibition. They knew better, for the prohibition was concerning renting the irrigated fields for gold and silver, and for a price that was not misleading. Some narrators have restricted Rafi' ibn Khadeej's narrations to the matters from which the prohibition was issued and clarified, and it is what is feared to harm the crops. That was misleading in terms of compensation, which would lead to the invalidation of the contract. However, if Ibn Abbas intended by what he did not prohibit in cultivation, we have narrated from those who heard his prohibition, so the ruling is his, not theirs. We have also narrated from Zayd ibn Thabit what aligns with the narration of Rafi' ibn Khadeej and others, which indicates that their denial was not of what they confirmed. Allah knows best. Among the scholars are those who reported the prohibition of what would occur with invalid conditions, such as the condition of the Jadaawil and al-Madhiyaanat, which are waterways. This is what used to be conditioned upon the farmer, that he cultivate them using these waterways, specifically for the owner of the wealth, or the condition of Qasara, which is what remains of the grain in the stack after it has been threshed. It is called Qasara and similar conditions. Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Abu Ubayd, Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah, and others from the people of hadith held the view that if the conditions were invalid, then cultivation was permissible. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan from the people of opinion also held this view. The hadiths that have passed regarding the dealings of the Prophet ﷺ with the people of Khaybar indicate their permissibility, given the condition of what would come out of it in terms of fruits or crops. Ahmad ibn Hanbal weakened the hadith of Rafi' ibn Khadeej and said, 'It has many variations, and what we have mentioned about the differences in its chain and text.'"  

اللهُ لِرَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ أَنَا وَاللهِ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ بِالْحَدِيثِ مِنْهُ إِنَّمَا أَتَى رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِ اقْتَتَلَا فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا شَأْنَكُمْ فَلَا تُكْرُوا الْمَزَارِعَ فَسَمِعَ قَوْلَهُ لَا تُكْرُوا الْمَزَارِعَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ كَأَنَّهُمَا أَنْكَرَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ إِطْلَاقَ النَّهْيِ عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْمَزَارِعِ وَعَنَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِمَا لَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كِرَاءَهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ وَبِمَا لَا غَرَرَ فِيهِ وَقَدْ قَيَّدَ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ رَافِعٍ الْأَنْوَاعَ الَّتِي وَقَعَ النَّهْيُ عَنْهَا وَبَيَّنَ عِلَّةَ النَّهْيِ وَهِيَ مَا يُخْشَى عَلَى الزَّرْعِ مِنَ الْهَلَاكِ وَذَلِكَ غَرَرٌ فِي الْعِوَضِ يُوجِبُ فَسَادَ الْعَقْدِ وَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَنَى بِمَا لَمْ يَنْهَ عَنْهُ كِرَاءَهَا بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَمَّنْ سَمِعَ نَهْيَهُ عَنْهُ فَالْحُكْمُ لَهُ دُونَهُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ مَا يُوَافِقُ رِوَايَةَ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ وَغَيْرِهِ فَدَلَّ أَنَّ مَا أَنْكَرَهُ غَيْرُ مَا أَثْبَتَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَمِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ مَنْ حَمَلَ أَخْبَارَ النَّهْيِ عَلَى مَا لَوْ وَقَعَتْ بِشُرُوطٍ فَاسِدَةٍ نَحْوَ شَرْطِ الْجَدَاوِلِ وَالْمَاذِيَانَاتِ وَهِيَ الْأَنْهَارُ وَهِيَ مَا كَانَ يُشْتَرَطُ عَلَى الزَّارِعِ أَنْ يَزْرَعَهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَنْهَارِ خَاصَّةً لِرَبِّ الْمَالِ وَنَحْوُ شَرْطِ الْقُصَارَةِ وَهِيَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْحَبِّ فِي السُّنْبُلِ بَعْدَمَا يُدَاسُ وَيُقَالُ الْقُصَرَّى وَنَحْوُ شَرْطِ مَا يَسْقِي الرَّبِيعُ وَهُوَ النَّهَرُ الصَّغِيرُ مِثْلُ الْجَدْوَلِ وَالسَّرِيِّ وَنَحْوِهِ وَجَمْعُهُ أَرْبِعَاءُ كَمَا قَالُوا فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا شُرُوطًا شَرَطَهَا رَبُّ الْمَالِ لِنَفْسِهِ خَاصَّةً سِوَى الشَّرْطِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَالثُّلُثِ فَيَرَى أَنَّ نَهْيَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنِ الْمُزَارَعَةِ إِنَّمَا كَانَ لِهَذِهِ الشُّرُوطِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا مَجْهُولَةٌ فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْحِصَصُ مَعْلُومَةً نَحْوَ النِّصْفِ وَالثُّلُثِ وَالرُّبُعِ وَكَانَتِ الشُّرُوطُ الْفَاسِدَةُ مَعْدُومَةً كَانَتِ الْمُزَارَعَةُ جَائِزَةً وَإِلَى هَذِهِ ذَهَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي مَضَتْ فِي مُعَامَلَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ بِشَرْطِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ دَلِيلٌ لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَضَعَّفَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ حَدِيثَ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ وَقَالَ هُوَ كَثِيرُ الْأَلْوَانِ يُرِيدُ مَا أَشَرْنَا إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ