"Sufyan narrated to us from Az-Zuhri, from 'Ubaidullah bin 'Abdullah, from Ibn 'Abbas, that Sa'd said: 'My mother died and there was an (outstanding) vow that she had to fulfill. I asked the Prophet and he told me to fulfill it on her behalf.'"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَاتَتْ أُمِّي وَعَلَيْهَا نَذْرٌ فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْضِيَهُ عَنْهَا  

"Sa'd bin 'Ubadah Al-Ansari consulted the Messenger of Allah about an (outstanding) vow that his mother had to fulfill, but she died before doing so. The Messenger of Allah said: 'Fulfill it on her behalf.'"  

اسْتَفْتَى سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَذْرٍ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ فَتُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا  

Sa'd bin 'Ubadah came to the Prophet and said: "My mother has died and she had a vow to fulfill but she did not do so." He said: "Fulfill it on her behalf."  

جَاءَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذْرٌ وَلَمْ تَقْضِهِ قَالَ اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا  

"I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, my mother has died; shall I give in charity on her behalf?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'What kind of charity is best?' He said: 'Providing drinking water.'"  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَأَىُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ سَقْىُ الْمَاءِ  

"I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what kind of charity is best?' He said: 'Providing drinking water.'"  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَىُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ سَقْىُ الْمَاءِ  

"O Messenger of Allah, my mother has died; can I give charity on her behalf?" He said: "Yes." He said: "What kind of charity is best?" He said: "Providing drinking water." And that is the drinking-fountain of Sa'd in Al-Madinah.  

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَىُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ سَقْىُ الْمَاءِ فَتِلْكَ سِقَايَةُ سَعْدٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ  

"The Messenger of Allah said to me: 'O Abu Dharr, I think that you are weak, and I like for you what I like for myself. Do not accept a position of Amir over two people, and do not agree to be the guardian of an orphan's property.'"  

لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ ضَعِيفًا وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ لَكَ مَا أُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِي لاَ تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ وَلاَ تَوَلَّيَنَّ عَلَى مَالِ يَتِيمٍ  

"I am poor and I do not have anything, and I have an orphan (under my care)." He said: "Eat from the property of your orphan without being extravagant, wasteful or keeping it as capital for yourself."  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي فَقِيرٌ لَيْسَ لِي شَىْءٌ وَلِي يَتِيمٌ قَالَ كُلْ مِنْ مَالِ يَتِيمِكَ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ وَلاَ مُبَاذِرٍ وَلاَ مُتَأَثِّلٍ  

"When these Verses were revealed - 'And come not near to the orphan's property, except to improve it,' and 'Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans' - the people avoided the property and food of the orphans. That caused hardship to the Muslims and they complained about that to the Prophet. Then Allah revealed: 'And they ask you concerning orphans. Say: The best thing is to work honestly in their property, and if you mix your affairs with theirs, then they are your brothers. And Allah knows him who means mischief (e.g. to swallow their property) from him who means good (e.g. to save their property). And if Allah had wished, He could have put you into difficulties.'"  

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ {وَلاَ تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلاَّ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ} وَ{إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا} قَالَ اجْتَنَبَ النَّاسُ مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ وَطَعَامَهُ فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلاَحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {لأَعْنَتَكُمْ}  

"Verily, those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans" -A man would have an orphan in his care, and he would keep his food, drink and vessels separate. This caused hardship to the Muslims, so Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: "And they ask you concerning orphans. Say: The best thing is to work honestly in their property, and if you mix your affairs with theirs, then they are your brothers" (in religion), so it is permissible for you to mix with them.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا} قَالَ كَانَ يَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ الرَّجُلِ الْيَتِيمَ فَيَعْزِلُ لَهُ طَعَامَهُ وَشَرَابَهُ وَآنِيَتَهُ فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ} {فِي الدِّينِ} فَأَحَلَّ لَهُمْ خُلْطَتَهُمْ  

"Avoid the seven sins that doom one to Hell." It was said: "O Messenger of Allah, what are they?" He said: "Associating others with Allah (Shirk), magic, killing a soul whom Allah has forbidden killing, except in cases dictated by Islamic law, consuming Riba, consuming the property of orphans, fleeing on the day of the march (to battlefield), and slandering chaste women who never even think of anything touching their chastity and are good believers."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ اجْتَنِبُوا السَّبْعَ الْمُوبِقَاتِ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا هِيَ قَالَ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ وَالشُّحُّ وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَالتَّوَلِّي يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْغَافِلاَتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ