5. Mosques and Places of Prayer

٥۔ كتاب الْمَسَاجِدِ وَمَوَاضِعِ الصَّلاَةِ

5.54 Who is more entitled to lead the prayer

٥۔٥٤ باب مَنْ أَحَقُّ بِالإِمَامَةِ

muslim:672aQutaybah b. Saʿīd > Abū ʿAwānah > Qatādah > Abū Naḍrah > Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī

When there are three persons, one of them should lead them. The one among them most worthy to act as Imam is one who is best versed in the Qur'an.  

مسلم:٦٧٢aحَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا كَانُوا ثَلاَثَةً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَحَدُهُمْ وَأَحَقُّهُمْ بِالإِمَامَةِ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ  

muslim:672b[Chain 1] Muḥammad b. Bashhār > Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd > Shuʿbah [Chain 2] Abū Bakr b. Abū Shaybah > Abū Khālid al-Aḥmar > Saʿīd b. Abū ʿArūbah [Chain 3] Abū Ghassān al-Mismaʿī > Muʿādh / Ibn Hishām > Abū Kulluhum

A hadith like this has been narrated by Qatida with the same chain of transmitters.  

مسلم:٦٧٢bوَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ ح وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو غَسَّانَ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي كُلُّهُمْ

عَنْ قَتَادَةَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ  

muslim:672c[Chain 1] Muḥammad b. al-Muthanná > Sālim b. Nūḥ [Chain 2] Ḥasan b. ʿĪsá > Ibn al-Mubārak > al-Jurayrī > Abū Naḍrah > Abū Saʿīd

This hadith has been narrated by Abu Sa'id al-Khudri by another chain of transmitters.  

مسلم:٦٧٢cوَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا سَالِمُ بْنُ نُوحٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا حَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ جَمِيعًا عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِهِ  

muslim:673aAbū Bakr b. Abū Shaybah And ʾAbū Saʿīd al-Ashaj > Abū Khālid > Abū Bakr > Abū Khālid al-Aḥmar > al-Aʿmash > Ismāʿīl b. Rajāʾ > Aws b. Ḍamʿaj > Abū Masʿūd al-Anṣārī

The one who is most versed in Allah's Book should act as Imam for the people, but If they are equally versed in reciting it, then the one who has most knowledge regarding Sunnah if they are equal regarding the Sunnah, then the earliest one to emigrate; it they emigrated at the same time, then the earliest one to embrace Islam. No man must lead another in prayer where (the latter) has authority, or sit in his place of honour in his house, without his permission. Ashajj in his narration used the word," age" in place of" Islam".  

مسلم:٦٧٣aوَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ أَبِي خَالِدٍ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ عَنْ أَوْسِ بْنِ ضَمْعَجٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ الأَنْصَارِيِّ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالسُّنَّةِ فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي السُّنَّةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ سِلْمًا وَلاَ يَؤُمَّنَّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ وَلاَ يَقْعُدْ فِي بَيْتِهِ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ قَالَ الأَشَجُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَكَانَ سِلْمًا سِنًّا  

muslim:673b[Chain 1] Abū Kurayb > Abū Muʿāwiyah [Chain 2] Isḥāq > Jarīr And ʾAbū Muʿāwiyah [Chain 3] al-Ashaj > Ibn Fuḍayl [Chain 4] Ibn Abū ʿUmar > Sufyān Kulluhum

A hadith like this has been narrated by A'mash by the same chain of transmitters  

مسلم:٦٧٣bحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا الأَشَجُّ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ كُلُّهُمْ

عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ  

muslim:673cMuḥammad b. al-Muthanná And Ibn Bashhār > Ibn al-Muthanná > Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar > Shuʿbah > Ismāʿīl b. Rajāʾ > Aws b. Ḍamʿaj > Abū Masʿūd

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to us: The one who is well grounded in Allah's Book and is distinguished among them in recitation should act as; Imam for the people. and if they are equally versed in reciting it, then the one who has most knowledge regarding Sunnah; if they are equal regarding the Sunnah, then the earliest one to emigrate; If they emigrated at the same time, then the oldest one in age. No man must lead another in prayer in latter's house or where (the latter) has authority, or sit in his place of honour in his house, except that he gives you permission or with his permission.  

مسلم:٦٧٣cوَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَوْسَ بْنَ ضَمْعَجٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ

لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَؤُمُّ الْقَوْمَ أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَأَقْدَمُهُمْ قِرَاءَةً فَإِنْ كَانَتْ قِرَاءَتُهُمْ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً فَإِنْ كَانُوا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ سَوَاءً فَلْيَؤُمَّهُمْ أَكْبَرُهُمْ سِنًّا وَلاَ تَؤُمَّنَّ الرَّجُلَ فِي أَهْلِهِ وَلاَ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ وَلاَ تَجْلِسْ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَكَ أَوْ بِإِذْنِهِ  

muslim:674aZuhayr b. Ḥarb > Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm > Ayyūb > Abū Qilābah > Mālik b. al-Ḥūwayrith

We came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and we were all young men of nearly equal age. We stayed with him (the Holy Prophet) for twenty nights, and as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was extremely kind and tender of heart, he therefore, thought that we were eager (to see) our family (we felt homesick). So he asked us about the members of the family that we had left behind and when we informed him, he said: Go back to your family, stay with them, and teach them (beliefs and practices of Islam) and exhort them to good, and when the time for prayer comes, one amongst you should announce Adhan and then the oldest among you should lead the prayer.  

مسلم:٦٧٤aوَحَدَّثَنِي زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ

أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقَارِبُونَ فَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَحِيمًا رَقِيقًا فَظَنَّ أَنَّا قَدِ اشْتَقْنَا أَهْلَنَا فَسَأَلَنَا عَنْ مَنْ تَرَكْنَا مِنْ أَهْلِنَا فَأَخْبَرْنَاهُ فَقَالَ ارْجِعُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيكُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا فِيهِمْ وَعَلِّمُوهُمْ وَمُرُوهُمْ فَإِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَلْيُؤَذِّنْ لَكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ ثُمَّ لْيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَكْبَرُكُمْ  

muslim:674bAbū al-Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī And Khalaf b. Hishām > Ḥammād

This hadith has been transmitted by Ayyub with the same chain of narrator.  

مسلم:٦٧٤bوَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ وَخَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ

عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ  

muslim:674cIbn Abū ʿUmar > ʿAbd al-Wahhāb > Ayyūb > Lī Abū Qilābah > Mālik b. al-Ḥūwayrith Abū Sulaymān

I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ along with other persons and we were young men of nearly equal age, and the rest of the hadith was transmitted like the hadith narrated before.  

مسلم:٦٧٤cوَحَدَّثَنَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو قِلاَبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ

أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَاسٍ وَنَحْنُ شَبَبَةٌ مُتَقَارِبُونَ وَاقْتَصَّا جَمِيعًا الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ  

muslim:674dIsḥāq b. Ibrāhīm al-Ḥanẓalī

I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ along with a companion of mine, and when we intended to return from him, he said: When there is time for prayer, announce prayer, pronounce Iqama, and the oldest amongst you should lead the prayer.  

مسلم:٦٧٤dوَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي قِلاَبَةَ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ

أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَا وَصَاحِبٌ لِي فَلَمَّا أَرَدْنَا الإِقْفَالَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ لَنَا إِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَأَذِّنَا ثُمَّ أَقِيمَا وَلْيَؤُمَّكُمَا أَكْبَرُكُمَا  

muslim:674eAbū Saʿīd al-Ashaj > Ḥafṣ / Ibn Ghiyāth > Khālid al-Ḥadhhāʾ Bihadhā al-Isnād And Zād

" They both were equal in recitation."  

مسلم:٦٧٤eوَحَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ غِيَاثٍ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَزَادَ قَالَ

الْحَذَّاءُ وَكَانَا مُتَقَارِبَيْنِ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ