[Machine] "Seek their consultation in the matter" and indeed consultation is before decisiveness and clarification of his saying: "So when you have decided, then rely upon Allah." So when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided, it was not for any human being to precede Allah and His Messenger, and the Prophet ﷺ consulted his companions on the day of Uhud regarding the battle and the outcome. So they saw that it was for him to fight, but when he wore his armor and prepared, they said, "Stay in place." After the decision was made, he did not pay them any attention and said, "It is not appropriate for a Prophet to put on his armor and then take it off before the judgment of Allah." Ali and Usama were consulted regarding the allegations made against Aisha, and the Prophet ﷺ heard from both of them until the revelation came, and he lashed the accusers. He did not pay attention to their dispute but rather judged according to what Allah commanded. The caliphs after the Prophet ﷺ used to seek consultation from the trustworthy scholars in permissible matters in order to choose the easiest option. But when the Book or the Sunnah became clear, they did not go beyond them, following the example of the Prophet ﷺ . Abu Bakr witnessed a fight against those who refused to pay the Zakat and he said, "How can you fight when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah. And when they say it, their blood and wealth become inviolable, except by the right of Islam.'" Abu Bakr said, "By Allah, I will fight those who separate what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ brought together." Then Umar followed him and Abu Bakr did not pay attention to consultation as he had the judgment of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ regarding those who were causing division between prayer and Zakat and attempting to change the religion and its rulings. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever changes his religion, kill him." The reciters were those who were consulted by Umar, whether they were elders or young men, and they were well-versed in the Book of Allah Almighty.

{وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الأَمْرِ} وَأَنَّ الْمُشَاوَرَةَ قَبْلَ الْعَزْمِ وَالتَّبَيُّنِ لِقَوْلِهِ: {فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ} فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِبَشَرٍ التَّقَدُّمُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَشَاوَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فِي الْمُقَامِ وَالْخُرُوجِ، فَرَأَوْا لَهُ الْخُرُوجَ فَلَمَّا لَبِسَ لأْمَتَهُ وَعَزَمَ قَالُوا أَقِمْ. فَلَمْ يَمِلْ إِلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَ الْعَزْمِ وَقَالَ: «لاَ يَنْبَغِي لِنَبِيٍّ يَلْبَسُ لأْمَتَهُ فَيَضَعُهَا حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ». وَشَاوَرَ عَلِيًّا وَأُسَامَةَ فِيمَا رَمَى أَهْلُ الإِفْكِ عَائِشَةَ فَسَمِعَ مِنْهُمَا، حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فَجَلَدَ الرَّامِينَ، وَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَى تَنَازُعِهِمْ وَلَكِنْ حَكَمَ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ. وَكَانَتِ الأَئِمَّةُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَسْتَشِيرُونَ الأُمَنَاءَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي الأُمُورِ الْمُبَاحَةِ، لِيَأْخُذُوا بِأَسْهَلِهَا، فَإِذَا وَضَحَ الْكِتَابُ أَوِ السُّنَّةُ لَمْ يَتَعَدَّوْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ، اقْتِدَاءً بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ قِتَالَ مَنْ مَنَعَ الزَّكَاةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ. فَإِذَا قَالُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ. عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ، إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهَا». فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَابَعَهُ بَعْدُ عُمَرُ فَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى مَشُورَةٍ إِذْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ حُكْمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا بَيْنَ الصَّلاَةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَأَرَادُوا تَبْدِيلَ الدِّينِ وَأَحْكَامِهِ. قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ». وَكَانَ الْقُرَّاءُ أَصْحَابَ مَشُورَةِ عُمَرَ كُهُولاً كَانُوا أَوْ شُبَّانًا، وَكَانَ وَقَّافًا عِنْدَ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ﷻ.