47. Partnership

٤٧۔ كتاب الشركة

47.1 About (sharing) meals and the Nahd and Urud

٤٧۔١ باب الشَّرِكَةِ فِي الطَّعَامِ وَالنَّهْدِ وَالْعُرُوضِ

[Machine] And how can one divide what is being weighed and measured recklessly or by handfuls when the Muslims did not see any harm in eating some of this and some of that in the field? And likewise, the recklessness in dealing with gold, silver, and dates.

وَكَيْفَ قِسْمَةُ مَا يُكَالُ وَيُوزَنُ مُجَازَفَةً أَوْ قَبْضَةً قَبْضَةً، لَمَّا لَمْ يَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي النَّهْدِ بَأْسًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ هَذَا بَعْضًا، وَهَذَا بَعْضًا وَكَذَلِكَ مُجَازَفَةُ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ، وَالْقِرَانُ فِي التَّمْرِ.

bukhari:2483ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf > Mālik > Wahbb. Kaysān > Jābir b. ʿAbdullāh

"Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army towards the east coast and appointed Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah as their chief, and the army consisted of three-hundred men including myself. We marched on till we reached a place where our food was about to finish. Abu- 'Ubaida ordered us to collect all the journey food and it was collected. My (our) journey food was dates. Abu 'Ubaida kept on giving us our daily ration in small amounts from it, till it was exhausted. The share of everyone of us used to be one date only." I said, "How could one date benefit you?" Jabir replied, "We came to know its value when even that too finished." Jabir added, "When we reached the sea-shore, we saw a huge fish which was like a small mountain. The army ate from it for eighteen days. Then Abu 'Ubaida ordered that two of its ribs be fixed and they were fixed in the ground. Then he ordered that a she-camel be ridden and it passed under the two ribs (forming an arch) without touching them."  

البخاري:٢٤٨٣حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ

أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْثًا قِبَلَ السَّاحِلِ فَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ وَهُمْ ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ فَنِيَ الزَّادُ فَأَمَرَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِأَزْوَادِ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ فَجُمِعَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ فَكَانَ مِزْوَدَىْ تَمْرٍ فَكَانَ يُقَوِّتُنَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قَلِيلاً قَلِيلاً حَتَّى فَنِيَ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُصِيبُنَا إِلاَّ تَمْرَةٌ تَمْرَةٌ فَقُلْتُ وَمَا تُغْنِي تَمْرَةٌ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ وَجَدْنَا فَقْدَهَا حِينَ فَنِيَتْ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْبَحْرِ فَإِذَا حُوتٌ مِثْلُ الظَّرِبِ فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشُ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِضِلَعَيْنِ مِنْ أَضْلاَعِهِ فَنُصِبَا ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِرَاحِلَةٍ فَرُحِلَتْ ثُمَّ مَرَّتْ تَحْتَهُمَا فَلَمْ تُصِبْهُمَا  

bukhari:2484Bishr b. Marḥūm > Ḥātim b. Ismāʿīl > Yazīd b. Abū ʿUbayd > Salamah

Once (on a journey) our provisions diminished and the people were reduced to poverty. They went to the Prophet ﷺ and asked his permission to slaughter their camels, and he agreed. ʿUmar met them and they told him about it, and he said, "How would you survive after slaughtering your camels?" Then he went to the Prophet and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! How would they survive after slaughtering their camels?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered ʿUmar, "Call upon the people to bring what has remained of their food." A leather sheet was spread and all the food was collected and heaped over it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up and invoked Allah to bless it, and then directed all the people to come with their utensils, and they started taking from it till all of them got what was sufficient for them. Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "I testify that None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and I am His Messenger."  

البخاري:٢٤٨٤حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مَرْحُومٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ ؓ قَالَ

خَفَّتْ أَزْوَادُ الْقَوْمِ وَأَمْلَقُوا فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي نَحْرِ إِبِلِهِمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَلَقِيَهُمْ عُمَرُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ فَقَالَ مَا بَقَاؤُكُمْ بَعْدَ إِبِلِكُمْ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا بَقَاؤُهُمْ بَعْدَ إِبِلِهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَادِ فِي النَّاسِ فَيَأْتُونَ بِفَضْلِ أَزْوَادِهِمْ فَبُسِطَ لِذَلِكَ نِطَعٌ وَجَعَلُوهُ عَلَى النِّطَعِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدَعَا وَبَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ فَاحْتَثَى النَّاسُ حَتَّى فَرَغُوا ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ  

bukhari:2485Muḥammad b. Yūsuf > al-Awzāʿī > Abū al-Najāshī > Rāfiʿ b. Khadīj

We used to offer the ʿAsr prayer with the Prophet ﷺ and slaughter a camel, the meat of which would be divided in ten parts. We would eat the cooked meat before sunset.  

البخاري:٢٤٨٥حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ حَدَّثَنَا الأَوْزَاعِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّجَاشِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ ؓ قَالَ

كُنَّا نُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْعَصْرَ فَنَنْحَرُ جَزُورًا فَتُقْسَمُ عَشْرَ قِسَمٍ فَنَأْكُلُ لَحْمًا نَضِيجًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ  

bukhari:2486Muḥammad b. al-ʿAlāʾ > Ḥammād b. Usāmah > Burayd > Abū Burdah > Abū Mūsá

The Prophet ﷺ said, "When the people of Ashʿari tribe ran short of food during the holy battles, or the food of their families in Medina ran short, they would collect all their remaining food in one sheet and then distribute it among themselves equally by measuring it with a bowl. So, these people are from me, and I am from them."  

البخاري:٢٤٨٦حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ الأَشْعَرِيِّينَ إِذَا أَرْمَلُوا فِي الْغَزْوِ أَوْ قَلَّ طَعَامُ عِيَالِهِمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ جَمَعُوا مَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ اقْتَسَمُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي إِنَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ فَهُمْ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْهُمْ