The first to begin the sermon on the day of Eid before the prayer was Marwan. A man stood up to him and said, “The prayer comes before the sermon.” He replied, “What was done there has been abandoned.” Abū Saʿīd said, “As for this man, he has fulfilled what was required of him for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Whoever among you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; if he is unable, then with his tongue; and if he is unable, then with his heart; and that is the weakest of faith.”

أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَدَأَ بِالْخُطْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ قَبْلَ الصَّلاَةِ مَرْوَانُ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: الصَّلاَةُ قَبْلَ الْخُطْبَةِ. فَقَالَ قَدْ تُرِكَ مَا هُنَالِكَ۔ فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ قَضَى مَا عَلَيْهِ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمْ مُنْكَرًا فَلْيُغَيِّرْهُ بِيَدِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِلِسَانِهِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَبِقَلْبِهِ وَذَلِكَ أَضْعَفُ الإِيمَانِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “There is no prophet whom Allah sent among a nation before me except that he had from his nation hawārīs (devoted disciples) and aṣḥāb (companions) who would follow his way and adhere to his command. Then after them there would come successors who say what they do not do, and do what they are not commanded to do. Whoever strives against them with his hand is a believer; whoever strives against them with his tongue is a believer; and whoever strives against them with his heart is a believer, and beyond that there is not even a mustard seed’s weight of faith.”

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ فِي أُمَّةٍ قَبْلِي إِلاَّ كَانَ لَهُ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ حَوَارِيُّونَ وَأَصْحَابٌ يَأْخُذُونَ بِسُنَّتِهِ وَيَقْتَدُونَ بِأَمْرِهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا تَخْلُفُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خُلُوفٌ، يَقُولُونَ مَا لاَ يَفْعَلُونَ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا لاَ يُؤْمَرُونَ، فَمَنْ جَاهَدَهُمْ بِيَدِهِ فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَمَنْ جَاهَدَهُمْ بِلِسَانِهِ فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ، وَمَنْ جَاهَدَهُمْ بِقَلْبِهِ فَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ وَلَيْسَ وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ حَبَّةُ خَرْدَلٍ».

We entered upon ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit while he was ill. We said, “May Allah set you aright; relate to us a hadith by which Allah will benefit you: something you heard from the Prophet ﷺ.”

He said: The Prophet ﷺ called us, and we pledged allegiance to him. Among what he took from us in that we pledged allegiance to him was that we pledge to listen and obey in our ease and in our hardship, in what we like and what we dislike, and even when others are favored over us; and that we not dispute the authority with those who possess it unless you see clear disbelief for which you have from Allah a proof.

دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَهْوَ مَرِيضٌ، قُلْنَا: أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ، حَدِّثْ بِحَدِيثٍ يَنْفَعُكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، 

قَالَ: دَعَانَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَبَايَعْنَاهُ فَقَالَ: فِيمَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ بَايَعَنَا عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي مَنْشَطِنَا وَمَكْرَهِنَا وَعُسْرِنَا وَيُسْرِنَا وَأَثَرَةٍ عَلَيْنَا، وَأَنْ لاَ نُنَازِعَ الأَمْرَ أَهْلَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَرَوْا كُفْرًا بَوَاحًا عِنْدَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِيهِ بُرْهَانٌ.

[Machine] We pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to hear and obey in ease and in hardship, and not to dispute the authority of those who hold it, and to uphold—or speak—the truth wherever we may be, fearing no one’s blame for the sake of Allah.

بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِي الْمَنْشَطِ وَالْمَكْرَهِ، وَأَنْ لاَ نُنَازِعَ الأَمْرَ أَهْلَهُ، وَأَنْ نَقُومَ أَوْ نَقُولَ بِالْحَقِّ حَيْثُمَا كُنَّا لاَ نَخَافُ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لاَئِمٍ.

The Prophet ﷺ said: “The example of the one who observes the limits (prohibitions) set by Allah and the one who falls into them (does not observe them) is like that of a people who drew lots for places on a ship: some of them got the upper part and some the lower. Those who were in the lower part, whenever they went to get water, had to pass by those above them. So they said, ‘If we were to make a hole in our ˹section˺, we would not harm those above us.’ If they let them do what they intend, they will all perish; but if they restrain them, they will be saved and all will be saved.”

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَثَلُ الْقَائِمِ عَلَى حُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَالْوَاقِعِ فِيهَا كَمَثَلِ قَوْمٍ اسْتَهَمُوا عَلَى سَفِينَةٍ، فَأَصَابَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَعْلاَهَا وَبَعْضُهُمْ أَسْفَلَهَا، فَكَانَ الَّذِينَ فِي أَسْفَلِهَا إِذَا اسْتَقَوْا مِنَ الْمَاءِ مَرُّوا عَلَى مَنْ فَوْقَهُمْ، فَقَالُوا لَوْ أَنَّا خَرَقْنَا فِي نَصِيبِنَا خَرْقًا وَلَمْ نُؤْذِ مَنْ فَوْقَنَا، فَإِنْ يَتْرُكُوهُمْ وَمَا أَرَادُوا هَلَكُوا جَمِيعًا وَإِنْ أَخَذُوا عَلَى أَيْدِيهِمْ نَجَوْا وَنَجَوْا جَمِيعًا».

from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: “Rulers will be appointed over you; you will recognize ˹some of what they do˺ and you will disapprove ˹of some of it˺. Whoever dislikes ˹the wrongdoing˺ is absolved, and whoever rejects it is safe; but whoever is pleased and follows ˹it is not˺.” They said: “O Messenger of Allah, should we not fight them?” He said: “No, as long as they pray.”  meaning: whoever hates (it) in his heart and denounces it in his heart.

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّهُ يُسْتَعْمَلُ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَرَاءُ فَتَعْرِفُونَ وَتُنْكِرُونَ، فَمَنْ كَرِهَ فَقَدْ بَرِئَ، وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَ فَقَدْ سَلِمَ، وَلَكِنْ مَنْ رَضِيَ وَتَابَعَ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلاَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ؟ قَالَ: «لاَ، مَا صَلَّوْا»، أَىْ مَنْ كَرِهَ بِقَلْبِهِ وَأَنْكَرَ بِقَلْبِهِ

from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who said: “The best of your leaders are those whom you love and who love you, who pray for you and you pray for them. And the worst of your leaders are those whom you hate and who hate you, whom you curse and who curse you.”

It was said: “O Messenger of Allah, should we not oppose them with the sword?” He said: “No, for as long as they establish the prayer among you. And if you see from your rulers something you dislike, then dislike their action, but do not withdraw your hand from obedience.”

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «خِيَارُ أَئِمَّتِكُمُ الَّذِينَ تُحِبُّونَهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَكُمْ وَيُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَتُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَشِرَارُ أَئِمَّتِكُمُ الَّذِينَ تُبْغِضُونَهُمْ وَيُبْغِضُونَكُمْ وَتَلْعَنُونَهُمْ وَيَلْعَنُونَكُمْ»، 

قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَفَلاَ نُنَابِذُهُمْ بِالسَّيْفِ؟ فَقَالَ: «لاَ مَا أَقَامُوا فِيكُمُ الصَّلاَةَ، وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْ وُلاَتِكُمْ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ فَاكْرَهُوا عَمَلَهُ وَلاَ تَنْزِعُوا يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ».

that the Prophet ﷺ once came to her in a state of fear and said, "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah. Woe unto the Arabs from a danger that has come near. An opening has been made in the wall of Gog and Magog like this," making a circle with his thumb and index finger. Zaynab bt. Jahsh said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, shall we ˹too˺ be destroyed even though there are pious persons among us?" He said, "Yes, when the evil will have increased."

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَزِعًا يَقُولُ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ! وَيْلٌ لِلْعَرَبِ مِنْ شَرٍّ قَدِ اقْتَرَبَ! فُتِحَ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ رَدْمِ يَاجُوجَ وَمَاجُوجَ مِثْلُ هَذِهِ»، وَحَلَّقَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ الْإِبْهَامِ وَالَّتِي تَلِيهَا، قَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ ابْنَةُ جَحْشٍ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنَهْلِكُ وَفِينَا الصَّالِحُونَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، إِذَا كَثُرَ الْخَبَثُ».

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Beware! Avoid sitting on he roads (ways)." The people said, "There is no way out of it as these are our sitting places where we have talks." The Prophet ﷺ said, "If you must sit there, then observe the rights of the way." They asked, "What are the rights of the way?" He said, "They are the lowering of your gazes (on seeing what is illegal to look at), refraining from harming people, returning greetings, advocating good and forbidding evil."

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْجُلُوسَ عَلَى الطُّرُقَاتِ فَقَالُوا مَا لَنَا بُدٌّ إِنَّمَا هِيَ مَجَالِسُنَا نَتَحَدَّثُ فِيهَا قَالَ فَإِذَا أَبَيْتُمْ إِلاَّ الْمَجَالِسَ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهَا قَالُوا وَمَا حَقُّ الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ غَضُّ الْبَصَرِ وَكَفُّ الأَذَى وَرَدُّ السَّلاَمِ وَأَمْرٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهْىٌ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ

The Prophet ﷺ said: “Beware of sitting in the roadways.” They said: “O Messenger of Allah, we cannot do without our gatherings; we talk in them.” He said: “If you insist on sitting, then give the road its due right.” They said: “What is the right of the road, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “Lowering the gaze, refraining from harm, returning greetings of peace, enjoining what is right, and forbidding what is wrong.”

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْجُلُوسَ بِالطُّرُقَاتِ»، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا لَنَا مِنْ مَجَالِسِنَا بُدٌّ نَتَحَدَّثُ فِيهَا؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا أَبَيْتُمْ إِلاَّ الْمَجْلِسَ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهُ»، قَالُوا: وَمَا حَقُّ الطَّرِيقِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «غَضُّ الْبَصَرِ، وَكَفُّ الأَذَى، وَرَدُّ السَّلاَمِ، وَالأَمْرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَالنَّهْىُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw a gold ring on a man’s hand, so he removed it and threw it aside, and said: “Would one of you take a live ember of fire and put it in his hand?” 

After the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had left, it was said to the man: Take your ring and benefit from it. He said: No, by Allah, I will never take it after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has thrown it aside.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأَى خَاتَمًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي يَدِ رَجُلٍ، فَنَزَعَهُ فَطَرَحَهُ، وَقَالَ: «يَعْمِدُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى جَمْرَةٍ مِنْ نَارٍ فَيَجْعَلُهَا فِي يَدِهِ؟»، 

فَقِيلَ لِلرَّجُلِ بَعْدَ مَا ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: خُذْ خَاتَمَكَ انْتَفِعْ بِهِ، قَالَ: لاَ، وَاللَّهِ لاَ آخُذُهُ أَبَدًا وَقَدْ طَرَحَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.

that ʿĀʾidh b. ʿAmr —who was among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ— came to ʿUbaydullāh b. Ziyād and said: O my son, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Indeed, the worst of shepherds are the harsh (tyrannical) ones; so beware of being among them.” He said to him: “Sit down; you are only from the refuse of Muhammad’s Companions ﷺ. He replied: Did they even have any refuse? Refuse came only after them and among others besides them.

أَنَّ عَائِذَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو – وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ – دَخَلَ عَلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ فَقَالَ: أَىْ بُنَىَّ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ شَرَّ الرِّعَاءِ الْحُطَمَةُ، فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ»، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اجْلِسْ، فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنْ نُخَالَةِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: وَهَلْ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ نُخَالَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ النُّخَالَةُ بَعْدَهُمْ وَفِي غَيْرِهِمْ.

from the Prophet ﷺ said: “By Him in whose hand is my soul, you will surely enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, or else Allah will soon send upon you a punishment from Him; then you will call upon Him, but you will not be answered.”

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتَأْمُرُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَتَنْهَوُنَّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، أَوْ لَيُوشِكَنَّ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ عَلَيْكُمْ عِقَابًا مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ تَدْعُونَهُ فَلاَ يُسْتَجَابُ لَكُمْ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The best jihad is a word of justice spoken before a tyrannical ruler,” or “before an unjust leader.”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَفْضَلُ الْجِهَادِ كَلِمَةُ عَدْلٍ عِنْدَ سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍ» أَوْ «أَمِيرٍ جَائِرٍ»

A man asked the Prophet ﷺ, while he had placed his foot in the stirrup: “Which jihad is best?” He said: “A word of truth in the presence of a tyrannical ruler.”

أَنَّ رَجُلاً سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَدْ وَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ فِي الْغَرْزِ: أَىُّ الْجِهَادِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ: «كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ عِنْدَ سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The first deficiency that entered the Children of Israel was that a man would meet another man and say: O you, fear Allah and abandon what you are doing, for it is not lawful for you. Then he would meet him the next day, and that would not prevent him from being his companion in eating and drinking and sitting with him. When they did that, Allah caused the hearts of some of them to go against the others.”

Then he said: “Cursed were those who disbelieved among the Children of Israel by the tongue of David and Jesus, son of Mary” up to His saying, “they were defiantly disobedient.” (Maidah 5:78) Then he said: “No, by Allah, you must enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong; and you must restrain the hand of the wrongdoer, and you must compel him to adhere to the truth strictly, and confine him to the truth completely.”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا دَخَلَ النَّقْصُ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَلْقَى الرَّجُلَ، فَيَقُولُ يَا هَذَا اتَّقِ اللَّهِ وَدَعْ مَا تَصْنَعُ، فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَكَ، ثُمَّ يَلْقَاهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَلاَ يَمْنَعُهُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكِيلَهُ وَشَرِيبَهُ وَقَعِيدَهُ، فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَ بَعْضِهِمْ بِبَعْضٍ»، 

ثُمَّ قَالَ: «{ لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى لِسَانِ دَاوُدَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ }» إِلَى قَوْلِهِ «{ فَاسِقُونَ }» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «كَلاَّ وَاللَّهِ لَتَأْمُرُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَلَتَنْهَوُنَّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، وَلَتَأْخُذُنَّ عَلَى يَدَىِ الظَّالِمِ، وَلَتَأْطُرُنَّهُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ أَطْرًا وَلَتَقْصُرُنَّهُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ قَصْرًا».

from the Prophet ﷺ, with a similar wording like it and he added: “Otherwise Allah will surely set the hearts of some of you against others, then He will surely curse you as He cursed them.”

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِهِ زَادَ: «أَوْ لَيَضْرِبَنَّ اللَّهُ بِقُلُوبِ بَعْضِكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ ثُمَّ لَيَلْعَنَنَّكُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَهُمْ».

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: *“When the Children of Israel fell into sins, their scholars forbade them, but they did not desist. Then they sat with them in their gatherings and ate and drank with them. So Allah set the hearts of some of them against others and cursed them on the tongue of David and Jesus son of Mary. 'That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress'.” (Maidah 5:78)

Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat up, and he had been reclining, and he said: “No, by Him in whose hand is my soul, not until you compel them to adhere to the truth, compelling them firmly.”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَمَّا وَقَعَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي الْمَعَاصِي نَهَتْهُمْ عُلَمَاؤُهُمْ، فَلَمْ يَنْتَهُوا فَجَالَسُوهُمْ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ وَوَاكَلُوهُمْ وَشَارَبُوهُمْ، فَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَ بَعْضِهِمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَلَعَنَهُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ دَاوُدَ وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ، { ذَلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا وَكَانُوا يَعْتَدُونَ }»، 

قَالَ فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَقَالَ: «لاَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى تَأْطِرُوهُمْ عَلَى الْحَقِّ أَطْرًا».

Abu Bakr said, after praising and extolling Allah: O people, you recite this verse and place it other than in its proper context: "Be accountable to yourselves; those who have gone astray will not harm you if you are rightly guided.” (Maidah 5:105) Khalid said: And we heard the Prophet ﷺ say: "Indeed, when people see an oppressor and do not restrain him, Allah is about to envelope them all with a punishment."

And ‘Amr said, from Hushaym: And I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "There is no people among whom acts of disobedience are committed, then they are able to change it but do not change it, except that Allah is about to envelope them because of it with a punishment."

قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ وَتَضَعُونَهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ مَوَاضِعِهَا { عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ لاَ يَضُرُّكُمْ مَنْ ضَلَّ إِذَا اهْتَدَيْتُمْ }، قَالَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ، وَإِنَّا سَمِعْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ النَّاسَ إِذَا رَأَوُا الظَّالِمَ فَلَمْ يَأْخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ أَوْشَكَ أَنْ يَعُمَّهُمُ اللَّهُ بِعِقَابٍ»، 

وَقَالَ عَمْرٌو عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ وَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ قَوْمٍ يُعْمَلُ فِيهِمْ بِالْمَعَاصِي ثُمَّ يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْ يُغَيِّرُوا ثُمَّ لاَ يُغَيِّرُوا إِلاَّ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَعُمَّهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ بِعِقَابٍ».